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*''Japanese'': 豊後系浄瑠璃　''(Bungo-kei joururi)'' ...storytelling) is a category of styles or genres of narrative [[shamisen]] music and singing, performed mainly in the [[kabuki]] theater and by [[geisha]] a

...panese music ensemble and published numerous works on traditional Japanese music. ...university's collection of musical instruments, and pioneered its Japanese music ensemble.

*''Japanese'': 長唄 ''(nagauta)'' ...is today the style of shamisen music with the most ''ryûha'' ("schools" of music), and the most amateur students.

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 心越 ''(Xīnyuè / Shin'etsu)'' ...an ([[Zen]]) priest credited with introducing [[Ming Dynasty]] ''[[qin]]'' music into Japan in [[1677]].

*''Japanese'': 古曲 ''(kokyoku)'' ...term used to refer to a certain group of styles or genres of [[shamisen]] music (and accompanying song) which have fallen out of currently active [[kabuki|

*''Japanese'': 掛合 ''(kakeai)'' ...ki: more than meets the eye." ''The Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music''. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. p245.

[[File:Tokyosymphonyhall.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The Symphony Hall of the Tokyo Music School]] *''Japanese'': 東京音楽学校 ''(Toukyou ongaku gakkou)''

''Aak'' (lit. "elegant music") was the primary form of formal ritual music of the royal court in the Korean kingdoms of [[Koryo]] ([[918]]-[[1392]]) a ...izong]].<ref>Chia-Ying Yeh, "The Revival and Restoration of Ryukyuan Court Music, Uzagaku: Classification and Performance Techniques, Language Usage, and Tr

*''Japanese'': [[喜名]] 盛昭 ''(Kina Moriaki)'' ...y known as the leading expert on ''[[rujigaku]]'', the formal processional music of the Ryukyuan royal court.

[[Image:Kutu.JPG|right|thumb|300px|A Japanese ''[[koto]]'' tuned to become an Okinawan ''kutu''.]] ...apanese instrument being adopted into the repertoire of Okinawan classical music.

*''Japanese'': 湛水親方賢忠 ''(Tansui ueekata kenchuu)'' ...larly popular among the Ryukyuan elites at that time, with native Ryukyuan music being seen as vulgar.

*''Japanese'': [[宮城]] 道雄 ''(Miyagi Michio)'' ...oneer in the development of a concept of categories or styles of "Japanese music" as a national tradition.

*''Japanese'': [[山内]] 盛彬 ''(Yamauchi Seihin)'' Yamauchi Seihin was a scholar of classical Okinawan music.

*''Japanese'': [[関]] 南頼 ''(Seki Nanrai)'' ...Gishi gakufu]]'', a significant publication on [[Ming Dynasty|Ming-style]] music.

*''Japanese'': 湛水流 ''(Tansui-ryuu)'' The earliest extant notation for Tansui-ryû music, however, only dates back to the [[Meiji period]], but overall the school i

*''Music: [[Kan'ami]]'' *''Japanese'': 西国下り ''(Saikoku kudari)''

The traditional and folk music of the [[Amami Islands]] is closely related to that of [[Okinawa Island|Oki ...cal sound recognizably distinct from that of either Okinawan or "mainland" Japanese folk songs. In addition, the three-stringed [[sanshin]] is played in Amami

*''Japanese'': [[龍]] 世華 ''(Ryû Seika)'' He studied [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]]-style music under [[Gi Shimei]].

*''Japanese'': [[龍]] 草廬 ''(Ryû Sôro)'' ...losely involved with a circle of performers of [[Ming Dynasty|Ming-style]] music, under the tutelage of [[Gi Shimei]].

...[1785]]/2/15<ref>Dates on the Okinawan lunar calendar. May differ from the Japanese lunar calendar.</ref>'' *''Japanese'': 安冨祖正元　''(Afuso Seigen)''

*''Japanese'': [[酒井]] 忠恭 ''(Sakai Tadazumi)'' ...nstruments and costumes made. Following Tadazumi's death in [[1772]], Ming music continued to be passed down within the Sakai family, but was never again st

*''Japanese'': [[酒井]] 忠道 ''(Sakai Tadahiro)'' ...others in his court. In the first decades of the 1800s, Tadahiro had Ming music performed at gatherings at his [[daimyo yashiki|Edo mansion]], and elsewher

*''Japanese'': [[宮崎]] 筠圃 ''(Miyazaki Inpo)'' ...tscript to the [[1768]] ''[[Gishi gakufu]]'', a significant compilation of music in the style of the [[Ming Dynasty]].

*''Japanese'': [[池原]] 厚清 ''(Ikehara Kousei)'' ...known for being one of the first Ryukyuans to learn [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]] music, and to perform it.

*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[朱]] 載堉 ''(Zhū Zàiyù / Shu Saiiku)'' ...n Imperial prince of the [[Ming Dynasty]], known today for his writings on music and dance. He is said to have been the first person in the world to devise

...a traditional Chinese musical instrument, a zither closely resembling the Japanese ''[[koto]]''. Unlike many other East Asian zithers, it employs metal string ...r zithers, and is higher in pitch. It is used both in court music and folk music, and is often associated with romantic subjects.

*''Japanese'': 雅楽 ''(gagaku)'' ...characters. Chia-Ying Yeh, "The Revival and Restoration of Ryukyuan Court Music, Uzagaku: Classification and Performance Techniques, Language Usage, and Tr

[[File:Sho-pem.jpg|right|thumb|400px|A 19th c. Japanese ''shô'' on display at the [[Peabody Essex Museum]]]] *''Japanese/Chinese'': 笙 ''(shou / shēng)''

*''Japanese'': 所作事 ''(shosagoto)'' ...kuromisu'', play as well during a ''shosagoto'' dance scene, adding to the music performed by those visible onstage.

*''Japanese'': [[国場]] 公憲 ''(Kokuba Kouken)'' Kokuba Kôken was an Okinawan musician skilled in the ''[[uzagaku]]'' music of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]] royal court.

*''Japanese'': 道行 ''(michiyuki)'' ...ki: more than meets the eye." ''The Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music''. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. p244.

*''Japanese'': 野村流 ''(Nomura-ryuu)'' ...e (''ryûha'') of classical Okinawan ''uta-sanshin'' (song and [[sanshin]]) music.

*''Japanese'': [[岡崎]] 盧門 ''(Okazaki Romon)'' ...uthored a number of significant works on poetry, history, and both ancient Japanese and Chinese writing.

*''Japanese'': 鞨鼓 ''(kakko)'' ...of the [[Nara period|Nara]] and [[Heian period]]s) and ''tôgaku'' (Chinese music), in which plays a key role in setting and maintaining the rhythm for the e

*''Japanese'': 沖縄県立芸術大学 ''(Okinawa kenritsu geijutsu daigaku)'' ...y in the world for studying Okinawan traditional arts (including [[sanshin|music]], [[Ryukyuan dance|dance]], ''[[kumi udui]]'' theatre, [[Ryukyuan textiles

*''Japanese'': 日本舞踊 ''(Nihon buyou)'' ...buyô'' (lit. "Japan[ese] dance") is the most prominent form of traditional Japanese dance in modern times. It is one of many so-called "traditional arts" forma

*''Japanese'': 野村安趙 ''(Nomura Anchou)'' ...ryu|Nomura-ryû]] school or style of classical Okinawan ''uta-[[sanshin]]'' music, the largest such school active today.

*''Japanese'': 琉歌 ''(ryuuka)'' ...with an 8-8-8-6 mora structure (in contrast to the 5-7-5-7-7 structure of Japanese ''[[tanka]]'').

*''Japanese'': [[阿波連]] 本勇 ''(Aharen Hon'yuu)'' ...last bearer of the tradition of ''[[rujigaku]]'', the formal processional music of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]] royal court.

*''Japanese'': 先島諸島 ''(Sakishima shotô)'' and Modernity in Yaeyaman Pop Music," ''Asian Music'' 39:1 (2008), 42.</ref> of the 1.45 million people in Okinawa prefecture,

*''Japanese/Chinese'' [[魏]] 之琰 ''(Gi Shien / Wèi Zhīyǎn)'' ...se as Wèi Zhīyǎn, was one of the chief musicians credited with introducing music of the [[Ming Dynasty]] into Japan in the 17th century.

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[魏]] 子明 ''(Gi Shimei / Wèi Zimíng)'' ...urce for scholars seeking to research the presence and practice of Chinese music in Edo period Japan.

*''Japanese'': [[比嘉]] 悦子 ''(Higa Etsuko)'' ...Okinawan music, in particular ''[[uzagaku]]'', the genre of formal ritual music of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] royal court. A part-time lecture

*''Japanese'': [[翁長]] 宗淳 ''(Onaga Sôjun)'' ...uring which he and several other teenage scholar-officials performed court music and dance at the [[Satsuma Edo mansion]] before [[Shimazu Iehisa]], [[Tokug

*''Japanese'': 魏氏楽譜 ''(Gishi gakufu)'' ...rculated, with the intention of allowing people to study and practice Ming music on their own.

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[毛]] 致志 ''(Mô Chishi / Máo Zhìzhì)'' .... He received a residence in [[Shuri]] from the royal court, and led daily music lessons and rehearsals at [[Ankokuzen-ji]], and dance lessons and rehearsal

...Tokusuki I, Matsui Kôzô I, Shinoda Kinji I (lyrics), Kineya Rokuzaemon IX (music)'' *''Japanese'': 越後獅子 ''(Echigo-jishi)''

*''Japanese'': 老松 ''(Oimatsu)'' *"Pau Hana: Music and Dance from Asia and the Pacific." Concert Program. University of Hawaii

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[蔡]] 任邦 ''(Sai Ninhou / Cài Rènbāng)'' ...and [[1752]]. Two of Ninhô's brothers were notable instructors of Chinese music as well; his elder brother, [[Sai Nincho|Sai Ninchô]], served alongside hi

*''Japanese'': [[仲宗根]] 盛松 ''(Nakasone Seishou)'' ...ura-ryû]] school (style) of classical Okinawan ''[[sanshin|uta-sanshin]]'' music.

*''Japanese'': 角澤検校 ''(Sumizawa Kengyou)'' ...Kengyô is credited with being the first person to employ ''[[shamisen]]'' music as accompaniment for ''[[ningyo joruri|ningyô jôruri]]'' (puppet theater)

In ancient Chinese tradition, music is said to have been invented by [[Ling Lun]], a member of the court of the ...e source of civilization, and as maintainer of proper cosmic order. Ritual music (''yǎyuè'') performed as part of Imperial sacrificial offerings to Heaven

[[Image:Kutu.JPG|right|thumb|300px|A Japanese ''koto'' tuned to serve as an Okinawan ''[[kutu]]'']] *''Japanese'': 琴 ''(koto)''

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[阮]] 廷寶 ''(Gen Teihou / Ruǎn Tíngbǎo)'' ...huri castle]], training pages (''koshô'') who were responsible for playing music, performing dances, and participating otherwise in a variety of court cerem

*''Japanese'': 薩摩琵琶 ''(Satsuma biwa)'' ...here. The [[Meiji Emperor]], too, is said to have enjoyed ''Satsuma biwa'' music.

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[蔡]] 任重 ''(Sai Ninchou / Cài Rènzhòng)'' ...i Ten'yû]], and [[Ryo Teiken|Ryô Teiken]]. He also served as instructor in music and dance for members of a mission to [[Kagoshima]] in [[1772]], alongside

*''Japanese'': [[阿波連]] 本啓 ...of the royal court tradition of ''[[rujigaku]]'' (ceremonial processional music).

*''Japanese'': 荒城の月 ''(koujou no tsuki)'' ...orer.com/moon-over-the-deserted-castle/ Moon Over the Deserted Castle]." ''Japanese Castle Explorer''. August 2011. Accessed 8 September 2011.

...age:Kuuchou.JPG|right|thumb|300px|A ''kûchô'', the Okinawan version of the Japanese ''kokyû'' fiddle.]] *''Japanese'': 胡弓 ''(kokyuu)''

*''Japanese'': 文武天皇 ''(Monmu tennô)'' ...ormance.<ref>Chia-Ying Yeh, "The Revival and Restoration of Ryukyuan Court Music, Uzagaku: Classification and Performance Techniques, Language Usage, and Tr

*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[張]] 学礼 ''( / Chô Gakurei)'' ..., 109.</ref> This is generally said to mark the first introduction of Qing music into the Ryukyuan court.

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[蔡]] 任貴 ''(Sai Ninki / Cài Rènguì)'' ...Ninchô]] and [[Sai Ninho|Sai Ninhô]], were notable instructors of Chinese music as well, and served together in training musicians for a [[1772]] mission t

...[1716]]/1/19<ref>Dates on the Okinawan lunar calendar. May differ from the Japanese lunar calendar.</ref>'' *''Japanese'': 屋嘉比朝寄 ''(Yakabi Chouki)''

*''Authors: Takarada Jurai (lyrics), Tobaya Richô I (music), Nishikawa Senzô II (choreography)'' *''Japanese'': 関の戸 ''(seki no to)''

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[向]] 俊 ''(Shou Shun / Xiàng Jùn)'' ...ureaucrat]] who was appointed ''gaku-keiko bugyô'' in [[1762]], overseeing music & dance rehearsals, overall, in preparation for the [[1764]] [[Ryukyuan emb

*''Japanese'': 竜笛 ''(ryuuteki)'' The ''ryûteki'' is a transverse flute used in ''[[gagaku]]'' music. It is used to play the melody line alongside the ''[[hichiriki]]''.

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[毛]] 増光 ''(Mou Zoukou / Máo Zēngguāng)'' ...yu|Ryukyuan scholar-aristocrat]] who served as an ''[[uzagaku]]'' (chamber music) musician (''gakushi'') on the [[1832]] [[Ryukyuan embassy to Edo]], and as

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[向]] 重勲 ''(Shou Choukun / Xiàng Zhòngxūn)'' ...ureaucrat]] who was appointed ''gaku-keiko bugyô'' in [[1795]], overseeing music & dance rehearsals, overall, in preparation for the [[1796]] [[Ryukyuan emb

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[毛]] 光緒 ''(Mô Kôsho / Máo Guāngxù)'' ...ureaucrat]] who was appointed ''gaku-keiko bugyô'' in [[1840]], overseeing music & dance rehearsals, overall, in preparation for the [[1842]] [[Ryukyuan emb

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[翁]] 都銓 ''(Ô Tosen / Wēng Dōuquán)'' ...ureaucrat]] who was appointed ''gaku-keiko bugyô'' in [[1805]], overseeing music & dance rehearsals, overall, in preparation for the [[1806]] [[Ryukyuan emb

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[向]] 秉義 ''(Shô Heigi / Xiàng Bǐngyì)'' ...ureaucrat]] who was appointed ''gaku-keiko bugyô'' in [[1830]], overseeing music & dance rehearsals, overall, in preparation for the [[1832]] [[Ryukyuan emb

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[阿]] 天秩 ''(A Tenchitsu / Ā Tiānzhì)'' ...ureaucrat]] who was appointed ''gaku-keiko bugyô'' in [[1717]], overseeing music & dance rehearsals, overall, in preparation for the [[1718]] [[Ryukyuan emb

::''Not to be confused with Tenpuku 天福, an [[Japanese Eras|era name]] for the period from [[1233]]-[[1234]].'' *''Japanese'': 天吹 ''(tenpuku)''

*''Japanese'': [[尚]] 質 ''(Shou Shitsu)'' ...from the Qing, in [[1663]]. The adoption of Qing music into Ryukyuan court music is traced to this occasion.<ref>Dana Masayuki 田名真之, "Bunken shiryô

*''Japanese'': [[知念]] 三郎 ''(Chinen Saburou)'' ...only written record of the actual melodies of Ryukyuan royal processional music (''[[rujigaku]]'').

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[梁]] 国琬 ''(Ryou Kokuen / Liáng Guówǎn)'' ...stocrat]] who was prominent in teaching and training performers of Chinese music for various official court functions. He was appointed to a variety of temp

*''Japanese'': 篳篥 ''(hichiriki)'' ...a type of Japanese flute used typically in ''[[gagaku]]'' (classical court music) and ''[[bugaku]]'' (classical court dance). It is typically made of bamboo

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 提筝 ''(tí zhēng / teisou)'' ...ringed musical instrument related to the ''[[guzheng]]'', ''[[qin]]'', and Japanese ''[[koto]]''. Unlike most zithers which are plucked with the fingers, the '

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[毛]] 弘休 ''(Mou Koukyuu / Máo Hóngxiū)'' ...ureaucrat]] who was appointed ''gaku-keiko bugyô'' in [[1763]], overseeing music & dance rehearsals, overall, in preparation for the [[1764]] [[Ryukyuan emb

* ''Japanese'': 序破急 ''(johakyuu)'' ...oncept of modulation and movement applied in a wide variety of traditional Japanese arts. Roughly translated to "beginning, break, rapid", it essentially means

*''Japanese'': 工工四 ''(kunkunshii)'' ...[[Okinawa|Okinawan]] three-stringed [[sanshin]], and elsewhere in Okinawan music.

...ref>Conrad Schirokauer, David Lurie, and Suzanne Gay, ''A Brief History of Japanese Civilization'', Wadsworth Cengage (2013), 90.</ref> was a ''[[biwa hoshi|bi ...5th century, and some have suggested that Kakuichi may have drawn upon the music or chanting of Shosazan in forming his unique style, but, it's not known wh

*''Japanese'': 津和野藩 ''(Tsuwano han)'' ...set of musical instruments for [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]] [[uzagaku|court music]]. Their set is now in the collection of the Okinawa Prefectural Museum.

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[孟]] 宗能 ''(Mou Sounou / Mèng Zōngnéng)'' ...p of [[gakudoji|teenage scholar-aristocrats]] in performing Ryukyuan court music and dance before [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]], Retired Shogun [[Tokugawa Hidetada

*''Japanese'': [[金]] 有華 ''(Kin Yûka)'' ...]], led the training of pages (''koshô'') who were responsible for playing music, performing dances, and participating otherwise in a variety of court cerem

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 嗩吶 ''(suǒnà / sonai)'', チャルメラ ''(charumera)'' ...59.</ref> The ''suǒnà'' was also used in Ryukyuan ''[[uzagaku]]'' (chamber music) performances, both within the Ryukyuan royal court, and by members of the

*''Japanese'': 四芸　''(shigei)'', 琴棋書画 ''(kinki shoga)'' *Music, specifically the ''[[qin]]'' (or ''[[koto]]'' in Japan), representing harm

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[毛]] 見龍 ''(Mou Kenryuu / Máo Jiànlóng)'' He was named a ''gakudôji'' (teenage music & dance performer for the court) in [[1664]], and in [[1669]] was appointed

*''Japanese'': 琉球国由来記 ''(Ryuukyuu koku yuraiki)'' ...ncluding the architecture and layout of [[Shuri castle]], aspects of court music, and the organization of government posts and offices, as well as certain a

The song tells of the beauty of Miyako's music, and of conveying that beauty to the people of [[Okinawa Island|Okinawa]] a ...and Plants of Okinawa"), Lecture by Prof. Uchida Junko, National Museum of Japanese History Botanical Gardens, 27 July 2013.

*''Japanese'': 板聞神社 ''(hirakiki jinja)'' ...e, marching to and from it in formal processions complete with banners and music; Ryukyuan and "[[Tojin|Tôjin]]" dances remain a part of local traditions i

* Language: Japanese * Music: Morino Nobuhiko

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 弘一[[大師]] ''(Hóngyī Dashi / Houichi daishi)'' Born the son of a banker in [[Tianjin]], he studied oil painting and music in Japan, and upon his return to China, became the first art teacher in Chi

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[梁]] 瀟 ''(Ryou Shou / Liáng Xiāo)'' ...u|Ryukyuan scholar-official]] who served, at times, as a master of Chinese music and dance, training other officials for roles in official court ritual perf

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[鄭]] 展猷 ''(Tei Ten'yuu / Zhèng Zhǎnyóu)'' ...i Ninchô]], and [[Ryo Teiken|Ryô Teiken]]. He also served as instructor in music and dance for members of a mission to [[Kagoshima]] in [[1772]]. Tei previo

...ugawara denju tenarai kagami]]''. The ''[[gidayu-bushi|gidayû]]'' genre of music used in these pieces is often called ''takemoto'' in kabuki, after [[Takemo ...ki: more than meets the eye." ''The Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music''. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. pp229-260.

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[毛]] 慎威 ''(Mô Shin'i / Máo Shènwēi)'' .... He received a residence in [[Shuri]] from the royal court, and led daily music lessons and rehearsals at [[Ankokuzen-ji]], for roughly one year, until 179

*''Japanese'': [[魏]] 学誠 ''(Gi Gakusei)'' ...acy of Ryukyu|Ryukyuan scholar-bureaucrat]] known for his superb skills at music and at reciting Chinese poetry from memory. He was promoted in [[1837]] to

*''Japanese'': 三線打 ''(sanshin uchi)'' ...gh quality [[sanshin]] (a three-stringed musical instrument related to the Japanese [[shamisen]]). The post was created by King [[Sho Eki|Shô Eki]] in [[1710]

[[File:Heike-biwa.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A member of the contemporary fusion music group AURA-J performing a portion of the ''[[Tale of the Heike]]'' on ''biw *''Japanese'': 琵琶 ''(biwa)''

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[鄭]] 鴻勳 ''(Tei Koukun / Zhèng Hóngxūn)'' ...oku'') at [[Shuri castle]], and so was pulled away from his appointment as music instructor.

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 竹林七賢 ''(Zhúlín Qī Xián / Chikurin no shichiken)'' ...ho reveled in witty conversation, simple pleasures, poetry and philosophy, music, and wine. They are revered as paragons of the Taoist attitude and lifestyl

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 洞簫 ''(dòngxiāo / dôshô)'' The ''dòngxiāo'' is a Chinese end-blown flute, sometimes referenced in Japanese and Ryukyuan sources simply as a ''kan'' (lit. "pipe," "tube," or "flute").

*''Japanese'': 三味線 ''(shamisen)'' ...or more. This is a typical feature not only of certain genres of shamisen music, but of Edo period popular songs in general, including as well those songs

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 黄帝 ''(huang di / koutei)'' ...le members of his court are credited with inventing writing ([[Cangjie]]), music ([[Ling Lun]]), the [[sexagenary cycle]], and medical texts.

*''Japanese'': 曲舞 ''(kusemai)'' ''Kusemai'' was a medieval Japanese art-form believed to consist chiefly of narrative chanting (''kuse''), acco

*''Japanese'': 小鼓 ''(ko tsuzumi)'' ...]], ''[[nagauta]]'', ''[[geza]]'', and other forms of traditional and folk music. Typically paired with the ''[[otsuzumi|ôtsuzumi]]'' (hip drum), the ''kot

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[鄭]] 亮采 ''(Tei Ryousai / Zhèng Liàngcǎi)'' ...], remaining there until [[1743]]. He later served as a teacher of Chinese music for members of the [[1748]] and [[1752]] missions to [[Edo]], though it's u

*''Japanese'': 大槻玄沢 ''(Ootsuki Gentaku)'' ...the sun.<ref>Gary Leupp, ''Interracial Intimacy in Japan: Western Men and Japanese Women, 1543-1900'', A&C Black (2003), 94.</ref>

*''Japanese'': 大鼓 ''(oo tsuzumi)''<ref>Though written with the same characters as t ...ta]]'', ''[[geza]]'', and a variety of other forms of traditional and folk music. Generally paired with the ''[[kotsuzumi]]'' (shoulder drum), the ''ôtsuzu

*''Japanese'': 誓願寺 ''(seiganji)'' It is the [[Japanese calendar|third month]]. Ippen Shônin retires to a [[Kumano Shrine]] to pra

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[蔡]] 光祖 ''(Sai Kôso / Cài Guāngzǔ)'' Three of Sai's sons also served as court instructors of Chinese music or dance. The eldest of the three, [[Sai Nincho|Sai Ninchô]], did so in [[

*''Japanese'': 宇座徳守 ''(Uza Tokushu)'' ...o Ginoza village, where he became a teacher of ''[[sanshin|uta sanshin]]'' music and one of the leaders of the local ''hachigatsu ashibi'' festival dances.

*''Japanese'': [[中村]]大三郎 ''(Nakamura Daizaburou)'' ...ref>Conrad Schirokauer, David Lurie, and Suzanne Gay, ''A Brief History of Japanese Civilization'', Wadsworth Cengage (2013), 214.</ref> In 1928, he showed a h

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[毛]] 廷器 ''(Mou Teiki / Máo Tíngqì)'' ...ji'' or pages (''koshô'') in performing ''uzagaku'' (Chinese-style chamber music), in preparation for a performance before the king, on the occasion of New

*''Japanese/Okinawan'': 貝摺奉行 ''(Kaizuri bugyou / Keezui bujou)'' ...keezui bujô''.<ref>Thompson, Robin. "The Sanshin and its Place in Okinawan Music." ''Okinawa bijutsu zenshû'' 沖縄美術全集. vol. 5. p. i. </ref>

...people]], was filled with Chinese ceremonial and ritual forms, and Chinese music. A Chinese-style bureaucracy enforced a Chinese-style legal code, and was o ...guage]].<ref>Chia-Ying Yeh, "The Revival and Restoration of Ryukyuan Court Music, Uzagaku: Classification and Performance Techniques, Language Usage, and Tr

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 二胡 ''(èr hú / niko)'' ...well as in traditional ensembles, modern orchestras, and in providing the music for theatre, including in ''[[jingju]]'' (Beijing opera). In the theatre, i

...f the [[Taitokuin Mausoleum]] was shown alongside thirteen other models of Japanese architecture. More than eight million people attended, including King Georg ...anese displays included examples of Japanese craft, sports, entertainment, music, and so forth.

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[馬]] 昌浩 ''(Ba Shoukou / Mǎ Chānghào)'' ...pipa]]'', ''[[sanxian]]'', and ''[[sanshin]]'' in ''[[uzagaku]]'' (chamber music) performances. At that time, his aristocratic title was Hamamoto ''satunush

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[梁]] 淵 ''(Ryô En / Liáng Yuān)'' ...scholar-aristocrat]] who served several stints as an instructor in Chinese music and dance for the Ryûkyû royal court.

*''Japanese'': 花見 ''(hanami)'' ...cording to this theory, ''hanami'' picnics developed out of ritual dances, music, and poetry performed to pacify these angry spirits.<ref>[[Eiko Ikegami]],

*''Japanese'': [[渡久地]] 政信 ''(Toguchi Masanobu)'' Many of his songs are said to include some element or sense of [[Amami folk music]] or "[[Kuroshio]] rhythms." The song ''Shima Blues'', in particular, becam

*''Japanese'': 御座楽 ''(uzagaku)'' Uzagaku (lit. "seated music") was the chief form of court music in the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] used for formal court ceremonies

...is way in modern texts. This is a typical vowel shift in [[bungo|classical Japanese]].</ref>)'' ...aphy which associates different sounds to the characters than their normal Japanese readings. The characters used to write ''omoro'', for example (おもろ),

[[Image:Kasuri-ryukaji.jpg|right|thumb|320px|An Okinawan folk music group dressed in ''kasuri [[yukata]]''.]] *''Japanese'': 絣 ''(kasuri)''

*''Japanese'': [[杉谷]] 行直 ''(Sugitani Yukinao)'' ...rst entered the city, and then as members of the mission performed chamber music within the [[Satsuma Edo mansion]]. Both of these works are today held by t

*''Japanese'': 中国語 ''(Chûgoku go)'' ...n huà'';<ref>Chia-Ying Yeh, "The Revival and Restoration of Ryukyuan Court Music, Uzagaku: Classification and Performance Techniques, Language Usage, and Tr

...of terms appear time and again to describe certain elements or aspects of Japanese aesthetic creativity and appreciation. ...iods is known as ''[[gagaku]]'' (lit. "refined entertainments" or "elegant music"), with the character for ''miyabi'' being read as ''ga''. In later periods

...d fortune), as represented in a museum display at the [[National Museum of Japanese History]]. Also seen here are a ''[[shisa]]'' (lion) and ''[[hari]]'' (drag ...at the term ''nirai kanai'' is derived from or related to 根の屋・金屋 (Standard Japanese: ''ne no ya, kanaya''), meaning very roughly a house at the root, source, o

...re performed, and in many Iriomote communities, prayers, hand-clapping, or music are performed for the crops for the following two months or so, to help enc *Gallery labels, National Museum of Japanese History.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/11880894933/sizes/l][http

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[魏]] 学賢 ''(Gi Gakuken / Wèi Xuéxián)'' ..., [[Urasoe Choki|Urasoe Chôki]], and the ''gieisei'' (head of processional music) [[Tei Gen'i]]. Famed for his Chinese prose and poetry, Gakuken also delive

*California imposes restrictions on Japanese ownership of land. ...d creates the only written records of musical notation for ''[[uzagaku]]'' music.

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 清笛 ''(Qīng dí / shinteki)'' ...]] onward, as well as in [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]] ''[[uzagaku]]'' court music; [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo]] employed such flutes as well, in their perfo

*''Japanese'': 舞楽 ''(bugaku)'' ...form of Imperial court dance, closely associated with ''[[gagaku]]'' court music. It is derived from a combination of [[Shinto]] dance and Chinese, Korean,

...and pursuits, and the [[literati]] lifestyle. Calligraphy, the playing of music, the production and appreciation of painting, and the like were favored pas ...angban'' status in 1690 (a percentage roughly equivalent to the portion of Japanese who were of samurai status), by 1858, nearly 60% of the population were mem

..., Robin]]. "The Music of Ryukyu." ''Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music''. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. pp305-306.

*''Japanese'': 龍潭 ''(Ryuutan)'' ...um Festival]] with boats on the pond, while members of the court performed music and dances.

*''Japanese'': 天照大御神 ''(amaterasu oo mikami)'' Amaterasu Ômikami is one of the chief deities in Japanese mythology. The Sun Goddess, she is considered the divine ancestor of the Im

*''Japanese'': 久米三十六姓 ''(Kume sanjuuroku sei)'' ...later develop.<ref>Thompson, Robin. "The Sanshin and its Place in Okinawan Music." ''Okinawa bijutsu zenshû'' 沖縄美術全集. vol. 5. pp. ii-iii.</ref>

*''Japanese'': 生け花, 活け花 ''(ikebana)'' ''Ikebana'', also known as ''kadô'' ("the way of flowers"), is a traditional Japanese art of flower arranging.

...eskin strings"), are not typically used in Ryûkyû, but only among mainland Japanese (Ashgate. p305.), highlighting the snakeskin aspect, and marking the instru *''Japanese'': 三線 ''(sanshin)''

*''Japanese'': [[尚]] 貞 ''(Shô Tei)'' ...ons of his coronation may have included the first ever performance of Qing music at a formal Ryukyuan court occasion.<ref>Liao Zhenpei 廖真珮, "Ryûkyû

*''Japanese'': 芸者 ''(geisha)'' ...d other elements of traditional [[clothing]], to [[shamisen]] and [[koto]] music, various dance forms, and so on.

*''Japanese'': 弁財天 ''(Benzaiten)'' ..., or Benten, is a [[Shinto]]/[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] goddess associated with music (esp. the [[biwa]]), snakes (esp. white snakes) and [[dragon]]s, and bodies

*''Japanese'': 三渓園 ''(Sankeien)'' Sankeien is a Japanese garden in [[Yokohama]], built by [[silk]] magnate [[Hara Sankei|Hara Tomita

...John Russell Young]], a New York Herald reporter who is represented to the Japanese as Grant's secretary. ...st Westerners to be the guests of honor at a "popular reception ... by the Japanese populace."

...d south.<ref>Chia-Ying Yeh, "The Revival and Restoration of Ryukyuan Court Music, Uzagaku: Classification and Performance Techniques, Language Usage, and Tr *Conrad Schirokauer, et al, ''A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations'', Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning (2012), 84-92.

...iritual journey, or spiritual connection, to speak with ancestors or gods. Music, dance, and alcoholic drink may have been involved. ...een found,<ref>Conrad Schirokauer, et al, ''A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations'', Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning (2012), 9.</ref> providin

*''Japanese'': [[熊谷]]次郎直実 ''(Kumagai no Jirou Naozane)'' ...lute and realizing it was probably Atsumori who he heard playing beautiful music the previous night; further impressed and awed by Atsumori's refinement (an

*''Japanese'': 満州民族 ''(manshuu minzoku)'' ...tate of Manchukuo (C: ''Mǎnzhōuguó'', J: ''Manshûkoku'') controlled by the Japanese from 1932-1945, or whether out of nationalistic desire to claim the region

*''Japanese'': 道具返 ''(dougu gaeshi)'' ...ed with video projection, live [[shamisen]] accompaniment and pre-recorded music and sound, among other effects. The production, commissioned by [[Japan Soc

*''Japanese'': 家元 ''(iemoto)'' ...traditional Japanese arts, from schools of [[shamisen]] and various other music and performing traditions, to swordsmithing, traditional basket-weaving, an

*''Japanese'': 官生 ''(kanshou)'', 勤学 ''(kingaku)'' ...lls in ''[[feng shui]]'', [[kanpo|herbal medicine]], calendrics, painting, music, interpretation/translation, and the like, picked up in somewhat less forma

*''Japanese'': 品宮常子 ''(Shinanomiya Tsuneko)'' ...Court, she was quite experienced, knowledgeable, and skilled in matters of music, [[Noh]] and ''[[kyogen|kyôgen]]'' theatre, dance, calligraphy, the apprai

*The first [[Japanese music|brass band]] in Japan is formed in [[Satsuma han|Satsuma domain]].

*''Japanese'': [[近衛]]基熙 ''(Konoe Motohiro)'' ...gen]]'', [[Tale of the Heike]] [[biwa hoshi|chanting]], and other forms of music and dance, and Motohiro permitted not only elites, but also his own househo

[[File:Heike-biwa.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A member of the contemporary fusion music group AURA-J performing a portion of the ''[[Tale of the Heike]]'' on [[biw *''Japanese'': 琵琶法師 ''(biwa houshi)''

*''Japanese'': 若衆 ''(wakashu or wakashuu)'' ...alued more for their youth, beauty, and artistic abilities (e.g. in dance, music, and poetry), and less for their physical strength or martial prowess, in c

...Robin]]. ''The Music of Ryukyu''. ''Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music''. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. p304.</ref> ...e ''on-yomi'' ("Chinese-style") reading used more commonly today in modern Japanese.

*''Japanese'': [[平]]徳子 ''(Taira no Tokuko)'' ...in the west, a marvelous fragrance permeated the chamber, and the sound of music was heard in the heavens. Man's time on earth is finite, and thus the lady'

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 孔丘 ''(Kǒng Qiū / Kou kyuu)'' ...m a well-to-do family, since he is known to have been educated in writing, music, and rites. His father died when Confucius was quite young. He is said to h

*''Japanese'': 飛鳥時代 ''(Asuka jidai)'' ...ry labels. [http://kentoushi.exh.jp/ Imperial Envoys to Tang China : Early Japanese Encounters with Continental Culture] Exhibition. Nara National Museum. Apri

[[File:Clock.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A 17th century Japanese-made clock based on European technology]] ...mon Screech, "An Iconography of Nihon-bashi." in ''Theories and Methods in Japanese Studies: Current State and Future Developments''. Bonn University Press, 20

*''Japanese'': 遊女 ''(yuujo)'', 女郎 ''(jorou)'', 花魁 ''(oiran)'' ...d ''jorô'', were more than simple prostitutes. They were experts in dance, music, conversation, and other entertainments, and those who operated within the

*''Japanese'': 淀川 or 澱川 ''(Yodogawa)'' ...retch, and then the right bank for the next stretch of several tens of ''[[Japanese Measurements|chô]]''.

...Eight Shrines]]. Members of the court then prepared for a ritual known (in Japanese pronunciation) as ''Gokaiin ukishiki'' (御開御規式); officials of vari ...umpets (''rappa'' and ''dôkaku''), and by ''uzagaku'' (Chinese-style court music). He then made his way to an altar, located within the plaza and facing the

*''Japanese'': 岡倉覚三 ''(Okakura Kakuzou)'' ...a canon of Japanese art. He was also a prominent advocate for traditional Japanese art and culture, and a proponent of caution against Westernizing too quickl

*''Japanese'': 琉球談 ''(Ryuukyuu banashi, Ryuukyuu dan)'' ...earlier publications which touched upon only [[Ryukyuan dance]], language, music, poetry, or [[kumi odori|theater]], and not all of these together.

*''Japanese'': 宮古列島 ''(Miyako retto)'' .... For example, while the [[Yayoi culture]] dominant throughout much of the Japanese archipelago around the 11th century BCE to the 3rd century CE extended as f

...ed in [[1895]]-[[1896]], roughly ten years after the beginning of formal [[Japanese immigration to Hawaii]]. ...re, customs, and morals (''shûshin''), and the history of Japan and of the Japanese community in Hawaii.

*''Japanese'': 薩摩藩上屋敷 ''(Satsuma han kami yashiki)'' ...ions saw numerous banquets, formal audiences, and performances of Ryukyuan music and dance during the missions' time in the city, which usually lasted aroun

* ''Japanese/Chinese'': [[尚]] 巴志 ''(Shou Hashi / Shàng Bāzhì)'' ...n Japanese), registered a new title in their annals: ''Liuqiu Wang'' (琉球王, Japanese: ''Ryûkyû-Ô'', King of Ryûkyû), and sent Hashi's emissary back with a

*''Japanese'': 助六由縁江戸桜 ''(Sukeroku Yukari no Edo-zakura)'' ...e=guide>Cavaye, Ronald, Paul Griffith, and Akihiko Senda. ''A Guide to the Japanese Stage: From Traditional to Cutting Edge''. New York: Kodansha International

*''Japanese'': 奄美諸島 ''(Amami shotou)'' ...ilarities to Okinawan culture, but marked differences as well (see [[Amami music]]).

*''Japanese/Chinese'': 冊封使 ''(sappoushi / cèfēngshǐ)'' ...pp46-47.</ref>. A Ryukyuan office known as the ''[[hangaho|hangaahô]]'' in Japanese (C: ''píngjiàsī''), and based near the Tenshikan, set the prices of comm

*''Japanese'': 室町時代 (''Muromachi jidai'') ...saw the only formal diplomatic relations and [[tribute]] trade between any Japanese state and the Chinese Imperial court since the [[Nara period]]. The Ashikag

*''Japanese'': 歌舞伎 ''(kabuki)'' ...'' (aka ''bunraku''), one of the three most prominent forms of traditional Japanese theater. Emerging around [[1603]] and developing into something very closel

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 漢 ''(Hàn / Kan)'' ...ated by the fact that the word "Han" is still today often used in Chinese, Japanese, and elsewhere in the region to refer to essential Chinese culture or ident

*''Japanese/Okinawan'': 組踊　''(kumi odori / kumi udui)'' ...2010.</ref> It can now be considered in a category with other traditional Japanese performing arts, including ''[[gagaku]]'', ''[[Noh]]'', ''[[bunraku]]'', an

*''Japanese'': 重要文化財 ''(juuyou bunkazai)'' In 1950, the Japanese government created a new system of cultural heritage, dividing the category

*''Japanese'': 皇居 ''(koukyo)'' ...d of the nation to all those who saw it, including foreign dignitaries and Japanese officials and [[kazoku|nobility]]. In the petition, Kawaji also emphasizes

...in the islands, and cultivate a distinctive and separate identity from the Japanese-American community. ...rganic Acts passed by the US Congress had outlawed contract labor, freeing Japanese and Okinawan plantation workers alike (along with those of Chinese, Korean,

*''Japanese'': 在番奉行 ''(zaiban bugyou)'' ...ing his term. Such receptions included lavish banquets and performances of music and dance.<ref name=liao/>

...eting with the [[Meiji Emperor]] in March of that year set the stage for [[Japanese immigration to Hawaii]]. ...ce, and was an active patron of hula and other traditional arts, including music, surfing, and Hawaiian martial arts. The annual Merrie Monarch Festival, th

*''Korean/Japanese'': 朝鮮 ''(Joseon, Chosŏn / Chousen)'' It was the last dynasty to rule Korea before [[Colonial Korea|Japanese colonization]] at the beginning of the 20th century, and was characterized

*''Japanese'': 儒教 ''(jukyou)'' ...phy of the state, Confucianism remained the foundation of Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, and [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Ryukyuan]] political philosophy, or at

*''Japanese'': 沖縄県 ''(Okinawa ken)'' ...ton University Press (1984), co-edited with Ramon Myers, and describes the Japanese efforts in Taiwan as "experiments," based on no prior experience in colonia

*''Japanese'': お能 ''(o-nou)'', 能楽 ''(nougaku)'' ...ing dramatic form in the world.<ref>[[Albert M. Craig]], ''The Heritage of Japanese Civilization'', Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 57.; also, presentati

* ''Japanese'': [[武田]] 信玄 ''(Takeda Shingen)'' ...a number of Chinese arquebuses, the first such weapons ever deployed in a Japanese battle. While the defeat at Uehara left two of his best generals dead, Haru

*''Japanese'': 江戸時代 (''Edo jidai'') ...he [[Heian period]] ([[1185]]).<ref>[[Albert M. Craig]], ''The Heritage of Japanese Civilization'', Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 42.</ref> <!--Element

*''Japanese'': 明治時代 ''(Meiji jidai)'' ...of samurai privileges, and their successful suppression by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] was an important step in the cementing of the new government's autho

*''Japanese/Okinawan:''首里城''(Shuri-jou / Sui gusuku)'' ...ave uncovered foundation stones and the remains of grey, 14th-15th century Japanese-style roof tiles, suggesting that some structure of note did once exist on