- Established: 1394, Sekioku Shinryô
- Destroyed: 1869
- Other Names: 玉龍山 (Gyokuryuuzan)
- Japanese: 福昌寺 (Fukushou-ji)
Fukushô-ji was a Sôtô Zen temple in Kagoshima, which served as the family temple (bodaiji) for the Shimazu clan. At its height, it was the largest temple in Satsuma domain, with some 1500 monks in residence.
A branch temple of Shogakuzan Sôji-ji in Noto province,[1] it was one of the Three Temples of Kagoshima (mikedera, 三ヶ寺), along with Jôkômyô-ji and Dairyû-ji.[2] Though the temple is no longer in operation, the Shimazu clan cemetery which houses the graves of numerous generations of clan heads continues to be maintained on the site. Gyokuryû Middle School & High School now stands on the former site of the Fukushô-ji temple buildings.
The temple was established in 1394 when Shimazu Motohisa invited the Zen priest Sekioku Shinryô to Kagoshima to establish a bodaiji for the Shimazu clan. It later became one of the three largest head temples for monk registrars (僧録, sôroku) in the country, overseeing all the Buddhist monks in southern Kyushu, as well as a chokuganjo, a prayer hall that could be used by the Emperor. Fukushô-ji branch temples were established in numerous locations across Kyushu, Shikoku, and the Chûgoku region. In the 15th century, Fukushô-ji was the site of a notable meeting between Francis Xavier and the Buddhist monk Ninshitsu, in which they discussed the possibility of Christian missionary activity in Kagoshima.
Fukushô-ji remained the chief Shimazu family temple throughout the Edo period, with each successive head of the family being buried there. Ryukyuan scholar-officials on missions to Japan regularly paid formal visits to the temple, as well as to the Shimazu temples of Nansen-in and Jôkômyô-ji.[3]
Fukushô-ji was abolished in 1869, as part of the haibutsu kishaku anti-Buddhist campaigns of the early Meiji period. The following year, some 375 Christians fleeing persecution by the Meiji government in Nagasaki came to Kagoshima seeking refuge, and took up residence on the former site of the temple. They are said to have been treated well there, and most returned to Nagasaki by 1873; however, 53 Christians who died while in Kagoshima were buried at a Christian cemetery on a hill just above the samurai cemetery, created for that purpose in 1905 by Father Emile Raguet.
Selected Burials
Shimazu family heads
- Shimazu Morohisa
- Shimazu Ujihisa, his wife, and a daughter
- Shimazu Motohisa
- Shimazu Hisatoyo
- Shimazu Tadakuni and his wife
- Shimazu Tatsuhisa and his wife
- Shimazu Tadamasa and his wife
- Shimazu Tadaharu
- Shimazu Tadataka
- Shimazu Katsuhisa
- Shimazu Takahisa, his wife, and son Shimazu Toshihisa
- Shimazu Yoshihisa and his two wives
- Shimazu Yoshihiro and his wife
- Shimazu Tadatsune (Iehisa) and his wife
- Shimazu Mitsuhisa and his wife
- Shimazu Tsunataka, two of his wives, his son Shimazu Nabeyasumaru, and one of his daughters
- Shimazu Yoshitaka, his mother, two of his wives, and one of his daughters
- Shimazu Tsugutoyo, his wife Takehime, and his later wives (the mothers of Munenobu and Shigetoshi)
- Shimazu Munenobu
- Shimazu Shigetoshi and his wife
- Shimazu Shigehide, two of his wives, and his daughter Keihime
- Shimazu Narinobu, his mother, and his two wives
- Shimazu Narioki, his mother, his first wife, and his second wife Yura
- Shimazu Nariakira, his wife Eihime, and his sons Shimazu Kikusaburô, Shimazu Tetsumaru, and Shimazu Torajumaru
- Shimazu Hisamitsu
- Shimazu Tadanari
Other Burials
- Shimazu Munehisa (son of Shimazu Sadahisa)
- Shimazu Hisayasu
- Shimazu Tsunahisa (son of Mitsuhisa; father of Tsunataka) and his wife
- Shimazu Narinori (son of Shimazu Tadashige)
References
- Gallery labels, Shôkoshûseikan, Kagoshima.
- Plaques on-site.
- "Fukushô-ji," Shimazu-ke ga hagukunda bunka, Shôkoshûseikan official website.