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...today seen as a standard or central element of standard styles of Japanese calligraphy.

...mes described as the most famous of all works of [[Chinese calligraphy]]. (Chinese lunar date equiv. to April 23)

*''Chinese'': [[謝]] 赫 ''(Xiè Hè)'' ..., ''Huìhuà liùfǎ''), oft-cited and aspired to throughout later traditional Chinese painting.

*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[鄭]]虔 ''(Zhèng Qián / Tei Ken)'' ...term "Three Perfections," referring to the unity of painting, poetry, and calligraphy.

...lligraphy, known for compiling the first Japanese dictionary of vernacular Chinese in [[1716]]. ...tion. In [[1716]], he compiled the ''Tôwa san'yô'', a dictionary of spoken Chinese.

[[File:Hongyi.jpg|right|thumb|257px|A work of calligraphy by Hongyi, featuring the character 壽 (C: ''shòu'', J: ''kotobuki'')]] *''Chinese/Japanese'': 弘一[[大師]] ''(Hóngyī Dashi / Houichi daishi)''

...Ichikawa-beian-calligraphy.jpg|right|thumb|158px|A poem by Xie Chengju, in calligraphy by Beian. [[Asian Art Museum]], San Francisco.]] ...ime, he also amassed a collection of over one thousand paintings, works of calligraphy, antiquities, rubbings, and the like, from both China and Japan.

[[File:Lin-hongnian-calligraphy.JPG|right|thumb|320px|A work of calligraphy by Lin, given as a gift to King [[Sho Iku|Shô Iku]] of the [[Ryukyu Kingdo *''Chinese/Japanese'': [[林]] 鴻年 ''(Lín Hóngnián / Rin Kounen)''

*''Japanese/Chinese'': 翁維垣 ''(Kou Ien / Weng Wei-yuan)'' ...ars, or others the mission met with during their journey. One such work of calligraphy by the young Tamagusuku ''satunushi'' survives today in the collection of t

*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[王]]羲之 ''(Wáng Xīzhī / Ô Gishi)'' Wang Xizhi is traditionally regarded as the greatest calligrapher in Chinese history.

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 蘭亭集會 ''(Lán tíng jí huì / rantei shuukai)'' ...ssibly the most famous and most influential work in the history of Chinese calligraphy.

[[File:Zhong kui - pu xinyu.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Calligraphy and painting by Pu Xinyu depicting [[Zhong Kui]] (J: Shôki), the Demon Que *''Chinese'': 溥心畬 ''(Pǔ Xīnyú)''

...("[[Tojin|Chinese]]" interpreters) included not only those specializing in Chinese, but also those responsible for interactions with people from a variety of The first head of the Chinese interpreters was [[Feng Hui]], appointed in [[1604]]. Positions as interpre

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[鄭]]元覲 ''(Tei Genkin / Zhèng Yuánjìn)'' ...grapher [[Tei Kakun]], and is known in particular for his role in teaching calligraphy to the ''gakudôji'' of the [[1842]] [[Ryukyuan mission to Edo]], serving a

*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[鄭]]思肖 ''(Zhèng Sīxiào / Tei Shishou)'' ...btle political message, alluding to the uprooting of cultivated, civilized Chinese culture in the wake of China being taken over by barbarians ([[Mongols]]).

*''Chinese'': 顏真卿 ''(Yan Zhenqing)'' Yan Zhenqing was a prominent Chinese calligrapher of the [[Tang Dynasty]], and remains one of the most famous an

*''Chinese'': 汪楫 ''(Wāng Jí)'' ...cial who traveled to the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] as head of an [[Chinese investiture envoys|investiture mission]] in [[1683]].

...ed in China for 23 years; his poetry and calligraphy reflects considerable Chinese influences.

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 東皋心越 ''(Dōnggāo Xīnyuè / Tôkô Shin'etsu)'' ...[[Tokugawa Mitsukuni]], lord of Mito. He is also known for his paintings, calligraphy, and as a talented player of the ''[[qin]]''.

[[File:Tei-kakun-calligraphy.JPG|right|thumb|320px|A work of calligraphy by Kakun, donated to the Okinawa Prefectural Museum by the Kamiyama family, *''Japanese/Chinese'': [[鄭]]嘉訓 ''(Tei Kakun / Zhèng Jiāxun)''

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 寒山拾得 ''(Hánshān Shídé/ Kanzan Jittoku)'' Hanshan and Shide (J: Kanzan and Jittoku) were Chinese Buddhist monks of the late 8th or early 9th centuries. Iconically associate

...w it as an ideal informal, cultured way to share tea with one another in a Chinese manner. His pseudonym, Baisaô, literally means "old man who sells tea."

*''Chinese'': 倪瓚 ''(Ni Zan)'' Ni Zan was a Chinese ink painter of the [[Yuan Dynasty]]. He is regarded as one of the greatest

[[File:Wu peifu - nogi.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Calligraphy by Wu Peifu of a poem by [[Nogi Maresuke]]. It reads:<br> ''Mountain and ri *''Chinese/Japanese'': [[吳]]佩孚 ''(Wú Pèifú / Go Haifu)''

*''Japanese/Chinese'': [[馬]] 周詢 ''(Ba Shuujun / Mǎ Zhōuxún)'' A folding fan bearing his calligraphy, produced by him and given as a gift to the operators of the ''[[honjin]]''

*''Chinese'': 董其昌 ''(Dǒng Qíchāng)'' ...lor, professional technical skill, and other aspects of the tradition of [[Chinese academic painting]], which he dubbed the "Northern School" of painting, lau

*''Chinese'': 徽宗皇帝 ''(Huīzōng huángdì)'' ...croll painting "Auspicious Cranes" (below) along with a number of works of calligraphy in Huizong's distinctive "Slender Gold" style. Huizong is also known for hi

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 全魁 ''(Quán Kuí / Zen Kai)'' ...Kui was a Chinese bureaucrat and diplomat who led the [[1756]]-[[1757]] [[Chinese investiture mission]] to the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]], whe

*''Chinese'': 木塔 ''(Muta)'' The Timber Pagoda, built in [[1055]] by the [[Khitan]] (non-Chinese) [[Emperor Daozong of Liao]], is the tallest wooden pagoda in China, and th

*''Japanese/Chinese'': 黄檗 ''(Oubaku, Huángbò)'' ...609>Rebeckah Clements, "Speaking in Tongues? Daimyo, Zen Monks, and Spoken Chinese in Japan, 1661–1711," The Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 76, No. 3 (August

...role similar to signatures, on official documents, paintings, and works of calligraphy. They are typically carved from small blocks of stone, and dipped in vermil Personal seals in a Chinese- or Chinese-influenced style became common among merchants and other prominent individu

Rai San'yô was a notable 18th-19th century ''[[Kangaku]]'' (Chinese Studies) scholar from the [[Hiroshima han|Hiroshima]] area. He was the son ...hall at [[Fukuzen-ji]] temple in [[Tomonoura]] and to have studied poetry, calligraphy, and other works left there by Korean envoys who had stayed at the Taichôr

...city of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]], to serve as lodgings for [[Chinese investiture envoys]] who visited the kingdom to formally [[investiture|inve ...r of wooden plaques were displayed in an upstairs area, all inscribed with calligraphy/poetry by notable Ming Dynasty figures.

...of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] during the Qing Dynasty, showing Chinese (琉球國王之印) in [[seal script]] on the right, and an inscription in *''Chinese'': 滿族 ''(Mǎnzú)''

*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[柴]]山 ''(Chái Shān / Sai Zan)'' ...cial who journeyed to the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] as head of a [[Chinese investiture mission]] for the [[investiture]] of Ryukyuan king [[Sho Hashi|

...that time, his title was Takebaru ''satunushi''. A fan inscribed with his calligraphy is still held today by the ''[[honjin]]'' at [[Futagawa-juku]], a post-stat

*''Chinese'': [[黄]]興 ''(Huáng Xīng)'' Born to a scholarly family in [[Changsha]], he was well educated in calligraphy, poetry, and other elite arts. He traveled to Japan in [[1902]] to study at

...e (''hengaku'') at the Buddhist temple Manshû-ji, in [[Mitarai]], based on calligraphy by Ryô Kôchi]] *''Japanese/Chinese'': [[梁]]光地 ''(Ryou Kouchi / Liáng Guāngdì)''

[[File:Zhouhuang-calligraphy.JPG|right|thumb|200px|A work of calligraphy by Zhou Huang, from the collection of [[Ichikawa Beian]]. [[Tokyo National *''Chinese/Japanese'': [[周]] 煌 ''(Zhōu Huáng / Shuu Kou)''

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 唐太宗 ''(Táng Tàizōng / Tou Taisou)'' ...ng the Tang Law Code, which would have a profound influence upon all later Chinese dynasties, as well as upon legal structures throughout East Asia. The Japan

...logy in service of the defense of a traditional [[Confucianism|Confucian]] Chinese state. The rhetoric and thought process behind the Movement bears many para ...nt of schools and translation bureaus in [[Canton]] and [[Shanghai]] where Chinese youths could be educated in Western languages, geography, and mathematics.

...nawan History"). Naha: Okinawa Bunka-sha, 1996. p 44.</ref>. He sought out Chinese paintings, and was heavily influenced by them<ref name=kotobank/>. ...to his court, and bestowed upon him the name Ji Ryô. It is said that the [[Chinese investiture envoys]], including [[Du Sance]], who witnessed his painting co

...also known as Teikan, was an 18th century scholar of [[Confucianism]] and Chinese Studies (''[[kangaku]]'') in service to [[Satsuma han|Kagoshima domain]]. Akazaki also spent time in [[Kyoto]], where he studied Japanese calligraphy, ''[[waka]]'' poetry, and related subjects.

...Kingdom]]. Inscribed with the calligraphy of [[Chinese investiture envoys|Chinese investiture envoy]] [[Wang Meng-lou]]<!--王夢楼-->, the plaque was given

...th to two sons and two daughters of her own. As was typical in traditional Chinese households, Guan, as the wife, managed the household's finances and other a ...ne time, while in Beijing, [[Emperor Renzong of Yuan]], impressed with her calligraphy, commissioned her to produce a copy of the "[[Thousand Character Classic]]"

...uilt his own circles in Edo, holding regular salons to produce and discuss calligraphy and painting, sometimes meeting in public, in restaurants and the like, whe

...in the city, and maintains a collection of ''hengaku'' plaques bearing the calligraphy of Ryukyuan scholar-officials.<ref>''Yomigaeru Ryûkyû geinô Edo nobori'' ...e town was known as ''Tôjinmachi'', and contained the homes of a number of Chinese, Ryukyuan, and Southeast Asian traders, and establishments involved in the

[[File:Sanjosanetomi-poem.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A Chinese-style poem in calligraphy by Sanjô Sanetomi, held today at the [[Tokyo National Museum]]]] *Gallery label, "Chinese-style Quatrain in Seven-character Phrases," Tokyo National Museum.[https://

...holar-aristocracy obtained official government posts through a system of [[Chinese imperial examinations|Confucian exams]]. The term ''yangban'' literally mea ...cultural skills, knowledge, and pursuits, and the [[literati]] lifestyle. Calligraphy, the playing of music, the production and appreciation of painting, and the

...e financial stability in his family. He began studying calligraphy and the Chinese classics at a very young age, and when he was a teenager, he opened a paint Taiga is absolutely known for his works in the literati style, and for his calligraphy, but is also known for introducing the concept of the ''shinkeizu'', or "[[

*''Chinese/Japanese'': [[徐]] 葆光 ''(Xú Bǎoguāng / Jo Hokou)'' ...for his [[1719]] journey to the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] as an [[Chinese investiture envoys|investiture envoy]], and for his writings on that journe

...(aiding in Hanawa's compilation of the ''[[Gunsho ruiju|Gunsho ruijû]]''), calligraphy under [[Mori Masayoshi]]<!--森尹祥-->, poetry under [[Reizei Tamemura]], ...kugaku'' scholars. He amassed a sizable personal collection of some 50,000 Chinese and Japanese books, which he stored in a series of three buildings he erect

...llustrations by [[Hanabusa Ippo|Hanabusa Ippô]] and [[Ogawa Haritsu]], and calligraphy by [[Goshu|Goshû]]<!--五舟--> and [[Katsuma Ryusui|Katsuma Ryûsui]]<!-- The second volume opens with a unique feature - a Chinese poem which begins on the outside cover, and is completed on the inside cove

*''Chinese'': 北宋 ''(Bei-Song)'' ...ligraphy, and for several paintings which are easily among the most famous Chinese paintings today.

*''Chinese/Japanese'': 康熙帝 ''(Kāngxī dì / Kouki tei)'' ...ials to the throne, before meeting with officials, presiding over palace [[Chinese imperial examinations|examinations]], and engaging in other obligations. Th

...in it, and a Chinese-style stone bridge, received enthusiastic praise from Chinese visitors. The garden has two gates - a main gate (正門, ''seimon'') used exclusively by Chinese envoys and members of the royal family, and a smaller side gate (通用門,

In ancient Chinese tradition, music is said to have been invented by [[Ling Lun]], a member of ...ts|four accomplishments]] of the cultivated Confucian gentleman, alongside calligraphy, poetry, and [[go|games of strategy]].

===Paintings & Calligraphy=== ...ju-an]] - various paintings, works of calligraphy, etc. including works of calligraphy by [[Daito Kokushi|Daitô Kokushi]].

...kanji]]'' and ''[[kana]]'', originated with the adoption and adaptation of Chinese characters in the 5th-7th centuries CE, to be applied to the Japanese (spok ...great many cases for concepts (words) that were not perfectly comparable. Chinese characters were also used solely for their sounds, in order to represent na

The museum's collections include extensive collections of Chinese and Japanese artworks and artifacts, as well as objects from Korea, South a The first works of Chinese calligraphy and painting obtained by the museum were those from the personal collection

...missions to [[Edo]] and [[Beijing]], as well as heading the reception of [[Chinese investiture envoys]] in Ryûkyû, and drafting official diplomatic document ...Koreans) who lived there were, to some extent, continually thought of as "Chinese," or at least as coming from different stock than other Ryukyuans, even aft

...iii.</ref> The adoption or emulation of many elements of [[Ming Dynasty]] Chinese culture by Ryukyuan elites from the late 14th century onward had a profound ...[1715]] by [[Higa Josho|Higa chikudun peechin Jôshô]]<!--比嘉乗昌-->, based on Chinese techniques.<ref name=miyagi116/>. However, scholar [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu (19

...igraphy-ex.jpg|right|thumb|320px|An ''orihon'' (accordion book) of example calligraphy by [[Ichikawa Beian]]]] ...gether at the outer edge, away from the spine. This is a common format for Chinese albums, and is quite rare among Japanese examples earlier than the Edo peri

*''Chinese'': 科舉 ''(kējǔ)'' Imperial examinations served as the chief avenue for Chinese subjects to enter the ranks of the [[scholar-bureaucrat]] class, and to gai

*''Japanese/Chinese'': 勘合貿易 ''(kangou boueki / kanhe maoyi)'' ...trade. Tallies (J: ''kangô'') held by Japanese merchants certified them to Chinese port officials as licensed merchants or as official Japanese [[tribute]] mi

*''Japanese/Chinese'': 禅 ''(zen / chán)'', 禅宗 ''(zen shuu / chánzōng)'' Zen (from the Sanskrit ''dhyan'', meaning "meditation")<ref>Via the Chinese, ''chán''. Francis DK Ching, ''A Global History of Architecture'', Second

...r (''kissho'', 吉書). The king then returned to the ''shoin'' to change into Chinese-style court costume. ...), i.e. the North, according to the system of assigning [[sexagenary cycle|Chinese zodiac]] figures to the compass directions.

...s sights within the Tôshôgû complex is the Yômeimon, a large ''karamon'' ("Chinese gate") loaded with intricately detailed carving and decorative elaboration. One of the many large [[torii]] on the site bears calligraphy from the hand of [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]] reading "''Tôshô Dai-gongen''."

...[[clothing|garments]], but in [[bookbinding]], as ground for paintings and calligraphy, as well as for curtains and a wide variety of other objects. Silk was a major Chinese export going back many centuries, as far back as the [[Han Dynasty]]. It wa

...n|Ôtomo]], and [[Hosokawa clan]]s) engaged in official authorized trade in Chinese ports, through a [[kango boeki|tally trade]] system. Much smuggling, [[wako ...icial samurai patronage of Noh, [[tea ceremony]], various forms of poetry, calligraphy, and painting, and martial arts, Kyoto began to see the expansion of popula

[[File:Gion-shoja.jpg|right|thumb|320px|Calligraphy by a contemporary artist, of the famous opening lines of the ''Tale of the ...more episodes on the founding of temples and shrines, more anecdotes from Chinese history, and more thorough battle descriptions than the oral performance tr

...ig Lockard, “‘The Sea Common to All’: Maritime Frontiers, Port Cities, and Chinese Traders in the Southeast Asian Age of Commerce, Ca. 1400–1750.” ''Journ ..., by French [[Jesuit]] missionary Alexandre de Rhodes, and did not replace Chinese characters as standard until the 20th century.<ref name=wingluke>Gallery la

...amily of the deceased to pay Buddhist monks to inscribe Chinese & Sanskrit calligraphy on new wooden slats, called ''sotoba'', every day for the first week after ...Kyushu less than a century later. [[Yi Xingmo]] and a number of the other Chinese stonemasons remained in Japan, with their disciples and descendants develop

...other gifts from Chinese emperors, scrolls of painting and calligraphy by Chinese masters, and other items. A number of ceramic and porcelain pieces were bur

...ww.lacma.org/sites/default/files/CPJC%20ROTATIONS%201%20AND%202_online.pdf Chinese Paintings from Japanese Collections]," LACMA, May 10 2014.</ref> ...ju-an]] - various paintings, works of calligraphy, etc. including works of calligraphy by [[Daito Kokushi|Daitô Kokushi]].

...dge University Press (2005), 291-292.</ref> Buddhist, Confucian, and other Chinese texts continued to be published in great numbers in the Tokugawa period, st ...have demanded a shift from long strings of connected ([[running script]]) calligraphy to separated, distinct characters which could be printed each from a separa

[[File:Investiture-YamaguchiSuio.jpg|right|thumb|500px|The Chinese investiture envoys ceremony at [[Shuri castle]], as depicted in a [[1788]] ...>lit. "Heavenly envoys," i.e. ambassadors from the Son of Heaven, i.e. the Chinese Emperor.</ref>

...h 2003.</ref> The stele also relates that [[Kaiki]] (Huái Jī), a prominent Chinese-born official in service to [[Sho Hashi|Shô Hashi]], oversaw the landscapi ...g the royal thrones, royal crown, royal seals, and lacquered Qing imperial calligraphy plaques displayed in the throne room, and models of the castle displayed in

The decline of [[calligraphy]] over the course of the Meiji period had a considerable impact upon ''Niho ...of the past, including profoundly famous and art historically significant Chinese works, and Japanese works which had been inaccessible either because of the

...itter clash which saw the use (on the part of the Murakami) of a number of Chinese arquebuses, the first such weapons ever deployed in a Japanese battle. Whil ...was already known for his taste for women, penetrating judgment, skill at calligraphy, and wise government. Perhaps all that was now required was a great rival.

[[File:Gion-shoja.jpg|right|thumb|320px|Calligraphy by a contemporary artist, of the famous opening lines of the ''Tale of the The war takes its name from the ''on-yomi'' or "Chinese-style" readings of the names of the two clans - Genji and Heike (or Heishi)

...albeit to limited degrees, with various Southeast Asian polities, through Chinese traders who carried gifts and missives. ...oday, claims to have been established in [[1630]]. Ramen (adapted from the Chinese ''lamian'') was another product which became far more widely available in t