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...d officials. The position was filled from among the scholar-aristocracy of Naha, and rotated on a yearly basis. *''Naha shizoku no isshô'' 那覇士族の一生 (Naha: Naha City Museum of History, 2010), 14.

...City Office, in a model of central Naha in the 1930s, Naha City Museum of History.]] *''Japanese'': 那覇役所 ''(Naha yakusho)''

...boseza ôyako'' (仕上世座大屋子), this office oversaw the collection and transport of goods to be sent to [[Kagoshima]], or to be handed over to the ''[[zaiban b ...m among the scholar-aristocracy of [[Shuri]], and the other from that of [[Naha]].

...ght|400px|Soseki as depicted by [[Okamoto Ippei]] in a series on patriotic history.]] ...ded today as one of the most famous and influential figures in the history of Japanese modern literature.

...an official of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] who oversaw a number of responsibilities related to the royal fleet. ...'' also oversaw performance reviews of captains and crew, and the awarding of commendations.

Ikezaki Tadataka was a ''[[waka]]'' poet, literary critic, and politician of the Taishô and early Shôwa periods. ...Soseki|Natsume Sôseki]], and is known as the author of the first biography of Sôseki.

...in particular as one of the most prominent and influential Okinawan poets of the early 20th century. ...ikawa Takuboku]]. He is considered one of the three chief Okinawan writers of his time, alongside [[Sho Jun (1873-1945)|Shô Jun]] and [[Jahana Unseki]].

...to [[Kumejima]] and elsewhere in conjunction with the kingdom's reception of [[Chinese investiture envoys]]. *''Naha shizoku no isshô'' 那覇士族の一生 (Naha: Naha City Museum of History, 2010), 3.

...re]] of Japan. It is held in the collection of the [[Naha]] City Museum of History, where it is regularly displayed. ==History==

The ''Ôkumiza'' was an office of the government of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] which handled family registers. *''Naha shizoku no isshô'' 那覇士族の一生 (Naha: Naha City Museum of History, 2010), 3.

...d for a time as the town hall (''kôkaidô'') and from [[1905]] housed the [[Naha]] Business High School, but by 1918, the wooden structure had fallen into d ...wa.jp/archives/item3/32983 那覇／沖縄風景　南陽館（沖縄最初の洋風建築）]," [[Naha City Museum of History]], 2015.

[[File:Sho Kei1918.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Shô Kei in a 1918 photo of the Shô family.]] Shô Kei was the second son of [[Sho Ten|Shô Ten]], final Crown Prince of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]].

Gi Gakusei was a [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|Ryukyuan scholar-bureaucrat]] known for his superb skills at music a ...nshô" 琉球宮廷における中国系音楽の演奏と伝承, in ''Uzagaku no fukugen ni mukete'' 御座楽の復元に向けて, Naha, Okinawa: Uzagaku fukugen ensô kenkyûkai 御座楽復元演奏研究会 (

...ûkyû Kingdom]] which oversaw the administration of the four districts of [[Naha]], the royal government's trade efforts, and relations with the ''[[zaiban ...stiture envoys]]), and ''zaiban bugyôsho''. A road extending from the gate of the ''oyamise'' down to the harbor served as the dividing line between the

[[File:Sho Rin.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Shô Rin as seen in a 1918 photograph of the Shô family]] ...n]], who was in turn the second son of [[Sho Tai|Shô Tai]], the final king of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]].

[[File:Umungusuku.jpg|right|thumb|500px|The former site of the Omonogusuku, as it appears today]] ...d according to vintage.<ref>Gregory Smits, ''Maritime Ryukyu'', University of Hawaii Press (2019), 92-93.</ref>

...of Okinawa Peace Memorial Museum"), Nanjô, Okinawa: Okinawa Peace Memorial Museum (2004), 62-63.</ref> American journalist Ernie Pyle was among them; a monum ==History==

[[File:Kamiyama-grave.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Grave of Kamiyama Seiryô at Tama Cemetery, Tokyo]] ...granted a position in the [[Ministry of Finance]]. In 1931, he became head of the Nagoya Government Monopoly Office; he was reassigned to the equivalent

...s, 1989. Description of Plates 81-82.; George Kerr. ''Okinawa: The History of an Island People''. Revised Edition. Tuttle Publishing (2000), 118, 121-122 ...by the royal court, and following his death was honored with the privilege of being buried near [[Shuri castle]].<ref>Plaques on-site at Aijô-ufumichi i

...eum of History]] and considered collectively to be a [[National Treasure]] of Japan. ...eld at the home of Matsumoto Hiroshi, son-in-law to Shô Hiroshi, 22nd head of the former royal lineage.

...family]] of the [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|scholar-aristocracy]] of [[Naha]]. ...the ''Oyamise'', along with the rank of ''chikudun zashiki'' and the title of Takazato ''chikudun''.

Kin Yûka was a [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|Ryukyuan scholar-bureaucrat]], who served as a musician (''gakushi'' ...playing music, performing dances, and participating otherwise in a variety of court ceremonies.

...and small stone marking the former site of [[Oki Shrine]], now within the Naha Wharf Port Facility]] ...ichi, Miyamoto Chôjirô and Ushikawa Yoshiyuki. "Ryûkyûan Architecture: Its History and Features." in ''Okinawa bijutsu zenshû'' 沖縄美術全集. vol. 5. O

...s even served as head of the [[Omonogusuku]], the highest post a person of Naha could be appointed to. ...earlier, the family relocated from Wakasa to the Izumisaki district of the city.

*''Titles: Lord of [[Nakijin gusuku|Nakijin]], King of [[Hokuzan]] (1397-1416)'' Hananchi was the third and final king of the Okinawan kingdom of [[Hokuzan]].

...castle]], in the ''Momourasoe udun gofushin ezu chô''. Naha City Museum of History.]] ...ucted on [[Shuri castle]] (royal palace of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]], in [[Shuri]], [[Okinawa Island]]) between [[1842]] and [[1846]]

...ha-ri-sen'' representing [[Tomari]], on display at the Naha City Museum of History.]] ...n as ''ha-ri-'' in Okinawa, the tradition of dragon boat racing has a long history in China, and is practiced today in many places in mainland China, Hong Kon

...e molds used to make them, on display at the [[National Museum of Japanese History]]]] ...s, and roof tiles, Ryukyuan pottery is especially known for the production of funerary urns, and ''[[shisa]]'', lion-like guardians placed on rooftops an

[[File:Sho Sho.jpg|right|thumb|400px|Shô Shô as seen in a 1918 photograph of the Shô family.]] ...s head of the Shô family, ''kôshaku'' (Marquis), and member of the [[House of Peers]].

[[File:Hibenkan.JPG|right|thumb|400px|A replica of the Naha City Museum of History crown, on display at [[Shuri castle]]]] ...s sent by the Chinese Court]]; the investiture ceremonies involved the use of special ritual garments called ''hibenfuku'', including a Chinese-style cro

The HMS ''Alceste'' and ''Lyra'' were a pair of British Royal Navy vessels which carried a diplomatic mission led by [[Lord ...Uranda ga yatte kita!," バジル・ホール来琉200周年記念 ウランダーがやってきた！, Naha City Museum of History, October 2016.

...a-like shapes organized together to form a circle, with the circular heads of the three pointing in a clockwise fashion; this shape, common throughout Ja ...n of these by Shô Toku.<ref>Gregory Smits, ''Maritime Ryukyu'', University of Hawaii Press (2019), 118.</ref>

...traditional Ryukyuan court costume, on display at the Okinawa Prefectural Museum]] ...tions in the central government, those from the aristocratic families of [[Naha]] and [[Tomari]] occupied other positions.

Prince Gushikawa Chôri Shô Shôki was a royal prince of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]], who served as the Lead Envoy (''se ...ince Kume-Gushikawa Chôtsû (aka [[Sho Kohaku|Shô Kôhaku]]), the eldest son of King [[Sho Gen|Shô Gen]].

...family]] of the [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|scholar-aristocracy]] of [[Naha]]. ...for 26 months), along with the title of Takazato ''chikudun'' and the rank of ''chikudun zashiki'' (Junior Ninth Rank).

...f Ryukyu|scholar-aristocracy]] of [[Naha]]. It was during his time as head of the family that the Bai were elevated from ''shinsan'' status to being a '' .... That same year, following the [[Chinese investiture envoys|investiture]] of the king, Bai Iki was named Kanagusuku ''chikudun''. His second daughter, U

...the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] in a number of ways and on a number of occasions. ...annual [[Naha Tug-of-War]],<ref>Uezato, 80.</ref> and to have been a part of events organized to entertain visiting [[Chinese investiture envoys]].<ref>

...seum display recreating a traditional ''noro'' ritual. Okinawa Prefectural Museum]] ...rchy.<ref>Aike Rots, "Strangers in the Sacred Grove: The Changing Meanings of Okinawan Utaki," ''Religions'' 10:298 (2019), 7.</ref>

...ounders of the ''[[Okinawa Times]]'' and for his involvement in protection of cultural properties. ...ground headquarters beneath [[Shuri]] up until May 1945 (during the Battle of Okinawa).

...the [[Shureimon]] and [[Aijo-ufumichi|Aijô-ufumichi]] leading off the top of the image, and [[Engaku-ji (Okinawa)|Engaku-ji]] and the [[Ryutan|Ryûtan]] [[File:Shuri-skyline.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The rooftops of [[Shuri castle]], as seen from the [[Ryutan|Ryûtan]] Pond, 2014.]]

...al figure, any given figure owned and used multiple swords over the course of their lives. ...able, there is an ''oshigata'', a professional drawing showing the details of the blade. Historical accuracy here is sometimes flexible due to the high e

...King [[Sho Sei (尚清)|Shô Sei]] (r. [[1527]]-[[1555]]). Each successive head of the family was nominally associated with [[Iejima]] as his domain. ...the family, [[Ie Chochoku|Ie Chôchoku]] (Shô Ken), was born the fifth son of King [[Sho Ko (尚灝)|Shô Kô]] and was adopted into the Ie lineage.

...Kumiudui-sueyoshi.jpg|right|thumb|400px|A monument to ''[[kumi udui]]'' in Naha's Sueyoshi Park]] ...e grave of Tamagusuku Chôkun, just outside the Maeda Tunnel, in [[Urasoe]] City]]

...ceramic vase with fish motifs by [[Kinjo Jiro|Kinjô Jirô]], representative of Tsuboya style]] ...ized around Yachimun-dôri ("pottery street"), as well as a Tsuboya Pottery Museum.

...The ''zaiban bugyô'' and his men parading through [[Naha]], in the ''Shuri Naha-kô byôbu'']] ...bugyô'' exercised any significant degree of power or influence, and then, of course, only in accord with his orders from Satsuma.

...Interpreting Parades and Processions of Edo Japan]" symposium, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 11 Feb 2013.</ref> ...e also introduced to Okinawa the ''[[sanxian]]'', a musical instrument out of which the Okinawan [[sanshin]] would later develop.<ref>Thompson, Robin. "T

...ingdom|Ryukyuan]] scholar-official who served as the ''[[gieisei]]'' (head of street musicians) in the [[1790]] [[Ryukyuan embassy to Edo]]. ...name=mino>''Minoji wo aruku Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 美濃路をゆく琉球使節, Bisai Museum of History and Folklore 尾西市歴史民俗資料館, Bisai, Aichi (2004), 9.</ref>

...cial.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A man in the costume of a [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|scholar-aristocrat official]], with purple (First or Second Rank) '' ...lors in the court costume of male officials is included in the description of [[Ryukyuan court ranks]].

...s on missions to [[Edo]] and [[Beijing]], as well as heading the reception of [[Chinese investiture envoys]] in Ryûkyû, and drafting official diplomati ...e number of unrelated families over a period of some years, from a variety of places - in other words, to a more general immigration event.

...pg|right|thumb|400px|The main campus of the Okinawa Prefectural University of the Arts]] ...acquerware]]), it is the only public university of the arts in Japan south of [[Hiroshima]].

...an province]], Li was also known as Mò Zhuāng. He passed the highest level of [[Chinese Imperial examinations|Confucian civil service exams]] in [[1778]] ...Interpreting Parades and Processions of Edo Japan]" symposium, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 11 Feb 2013.</ref>

[[Image:Shoten-funeral.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The 1920 funeral of Shô Ten.]] *''Titles: Crown Prince of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]] (-1879); Marquis (''侯爵'', kōshaku)(1901-1920)''

[[File:Naha-prewar2.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A prewar photograph of the Naha skyline]] *''Japanese/Okinawan'': 那覇 ''(Naha / Naafa)''

...ites as being of cultural or historical importance. Those considered to be of the greatest importance are dubbed National Treasures. National Treasures c A select few individuals considered to be of exceptional prominence or importance in maintaining cultural traditions are

...cing an account of his journeys, ''[[Voyage of discovery to the west coast of Corea and the great Loo-Choo Island]]'', which remains a prominent and oft- ...[1812]], he was assigned to the East Indies, and in 1816 was named captain of the [[HMS Alceste and Lyra|HMS ''Lyra'']], which accompanied the HMS ''Alce

[[Image:Ryusen.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Bolts of cloth being hand-dyed at a workshop in [[Shuri]].]] ...Japan, and other cultures, Ryûkyû had its own distinctive forms and styles of garments, from the royalty and aristocracy down to that worn by the peasant

...PG|right|thumb|320px|A ''bingata'' robe on display at the [[Tokyo National Museum]]]] [[File:Ryusen.jpg|right|thumb|320px|Bolts of cloth being hand-dyed at a workshop in Shuri]]

...rol of [[Satsuma han]] since [[1609]]), Satsuma served as the chief source of sugar in Japan throughout the [[Edo period]]. ...elling Taiwanese sugar following the [[Qing Dynasty]] quelling of the last of the [[Ming loyalists]] on [[Taiwan]] in [[1683]].

...e:Nakagusuku udun.jpg|right|thumb|295px|The front hall (''omote zashiki'') of Nakagusuku udun, with the main gate in the background, in a 1920s photograp ...gusuku udun, or the Nakagusuku palace, was the mansion of the Crown Prince of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]], located just outside [[Shuri castl

...right|thumb|320px|An example of Ryukyuan red lacquer platters, with mother-of-pearl inlay dragon design.]] ...d in the [[Ryukyu Islands|Ryûkyû Islands]] constitute their own unique set of traditional styles and techniques. Though heavily influenced by the styles

...[[Ryukyu seasonal observances|seasonal observances]] such as celebrations of New Year's and [[Mid-Autumn Festival]]; enthronement and [[Chinese investit ...ance Techniques, Language Usage, and Transmission," PhD thesis, University of Sheffield (2018), 14-21.</ref>

...typical traditional Okinawan home, on display at the [[Okinawa Prefectural Museum]]]] ...tone walls. Neither of the two forms featured hearths. Several communities of forty dwellings or more have been discovered on the island, including those

Members of the [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|scholar-aristocracies]] of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] typically had several names. In add ...in," the same Chinese-style surname Shô, and the same Ryukyuan family name of Gushikawa, but a different "given name" Chôki, and a different Chinese-sty

[[File:Perry-relief.jpg|right|thumb|500px|Scene on the base of bronze statue of Perry in Newport, RI.]] ...to Western commercial activity, are generally taken to mark the beginning of the [[Bakumatsu Period]].

...y following the re-figuration of Imperial tombs under the [[State Shinto]] of the [[Meiji period]]]] ...gs in the [[Meiji period]], and continue to be surrounded by constructions of [[State Shinto]] today.

[[File:Katsuren.JPG|right|thumb|400px|The ruins of Katsuren castle as seen from the fourth enclosure, with a marker identifyin ...he castle, [[Amawari]], was defeated by the armies of the royal government of the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]].

...cal importance - into an upper tier of National Treasures and a lower tier of Important Cultural Properties. ...ung-il Pai, AAS Roundtable, "Who Moved My Masterpiece?...Cultural Heritage of Kyoto," Association for Asian Studies annual conference, San Diego, March 2

...etween [[1609]], when [[Satsuma han]] annexed nearly all the islands north of Okinawa Island, and [[1879]], when the kingdom was [[Ryukyu Shobun|abolishe ...e State of Hawaii.<ref>[[Richard Pearson]], ''Ancient Ryukyu'', University of Hawaii Press (2013), 8.; ''Hawaii'', Lonely Planet (2009), 52.</ref> The pr

...t|thumb|400px|The Ryukyu Islands, as seen on a map at the Pacific Aviation Museum at Pearl Harbor]] ...yûkyû," while ''Ryûkyû rettô'' means "Ryûkyû archipelago" or "Ryûkyû chain of islands."</ref>

[[File:Shuri-seiden.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The rebuilt Seiden (main hall) of [[Shuri castle]], as it appears today]] ...ho En.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A [[ogo-e|posthumous official royal portrait]] of King [[Sho En|Shô En]]]]

...t a local branch of [[Kasuga Shrine]] in [[Kagoshima]], at the former site of the docks from which the Satsuma fleet departed for [[Yamakawa]].]] ...+ 5000 sailors and laborers in 100 ships) vs. [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]] (Forces unknown)

[[Image:Seiden.jpg|right|400px|thumb|The Seiden of Shuri castle.]] ...er of the kingdom, site of numerous rituals and ceremonies, and repository of numerous national heirlooms, official records and other artifacts.