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...for Tokugawa Ieyasu's First Negotiations with Ming China, 1600." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and *Angela Schottenhammer, “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

...y cited as the key impetus for the implementation of this policy, [[Angela Schottenhammer]] argues that it was instead a new political philosophy initiated by the [[ ...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

...attempting to resist Qing control over southern China.<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

*Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and ...yushu to Choson Korea in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

*Angela Schottenhammer, “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

*Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and ...yushu to Choson Korea in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

*Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...yushu to Choson Korea in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...for Tokugawa Ieyasu's First Negotiations with Ming China, 1600." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

*''Died: [[1804]]''<ref>Some sources say he died in [[1808]]. Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

*Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

*''Died: [[1723]]''<ref>Some sources say he died in [[1740]]. Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the ...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

...yushu to Choson Korea in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...some kind of action to free China from their control.<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

*Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...>, as leader of a congratulatory (''qinghe'') mission.<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...he Ming, receiving an official seal from the Qing in its place.<ref>Angela Schottenhammer, “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...for Tokugawa Ieyasu's First Negotiations with Ming China, 1600." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Commerc

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

...iring as to conditions, and/or requesting investiture.<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and ...,” ''Sino-Japanese Studies'' 15 (2003), 138.; Jansen, 27.; Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...yushu to Choson Korea in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...u Sangui]] in the [[Revolt of the Three Feudatories]].<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

..., and after the 1550s or so, Chinese maritime/economic power weakened.<ref>Schottenhammer, "East Asian Maritime World," 7-8.</ref> ...ortant tributaries, respectively, followed by Japan, Burma, and Annam,<ref>Schottenhammer, "Empire and Periphery?," 175n97.</ref> and categorized all of its tributar

...for Tokugawa Ieyasu's First Negotiations with Ming China, 1600." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...]-[[1655]]), who also brought the beginning of [[Arita wares]].<ref>Angela Schottenhammer, ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Commerce a

...he Ryukyuans, and served to an extent as interpreters.<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...s to wean China off of Japanese exports.<ref>Hellyer, 54.; Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...able to secure shipments of sulfur from the Japanese.<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...yushu to Choson Korea in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture, Comme

...g and would no longer engage with or support loyalists and pretenders.<ref>Schottenhammer, "Empire and Periphery?", 176-178.</ref> ...ion from Ryûkyû to Qing taking place the previous year.<ref name=schott179>Schottenhammer, "Empire and Periphery?", 179.</ref>

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...in the 16th century, were not restored until [[1871]].<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the ...Asia or elsewhere, such as sappanwood, pepper, and swords and knives.<ref>Schottenhammer, "The East Asian Maritime World," 55-56.</ref>

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha

...h at times created monetary and trade deficit issues for the Japanese.<ref>Schottenhammer. pp56-57.</ref> ...fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and

...Xi to Japan and the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Seventeenth Century,” in Angela Schottenhammer (ed.), ''The East Asian Mediterranean: Maritime Crossroads of Culture'', Ha