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...miya-kinjiro.jpg|right|thumb|320px|Statue of Ninomiya Sontoku at [[Odawara castle]]]] ...diagram, a pie chart, labeling one half Shinto, one quarter Buddhism, and one quarter Confucianism, to which Sontoku replied that real medicine is all bl

Komatsu castle was a lowlands flatlands castle (''hirajiro'') in [[Kaga province]]. ...u Michihide]]. Built largely on swamp, roughly 30% of the land area of the castle grounds was comprised of moats or ditches.

...n. First introduced to Japan in the 1850s, it was in widespread use in the country by the end of that century. The first telegraph ever brought to Japan was most likely one given as a gift to the shogun by [[Commodore Matthew Perry]] of the United

...mamairi no Tsubone]], wet-nurse to the first child of [[Hino Tomiko]], was one such exile. ...he lake had also been previously used to fill the moats of nearby [[Hikone castle]].

*''Castle: [[Nagaoka castle]]'' ...of the realm, the "snow country" climate meant that farmers could only do one harvest a year (as opposed to two or three in warmer regions), and such har

...icts; in the [[Meiji period]], the wooden bridge was replaced with a stone one, decorated with bronze street lamps in the style of the time. The district ...across a much smaller waterway to the west of the Sumida, and east of the castle; the waterway was so minor it had no name, and so came to be known as the N

...wa-Hashitsumemon.jpg|right|thumb|180px|The ''Hashizume-mon'' of [[Kanazawa castle]].]] ...reaching 50,000 inhabitants by [[1630]], and 120,000 by [[1700]], becoming one of the largest cities in the world, rivaling Rome, Amsterdam, and Madrid, t

...n the 17th century, after which it began to spread to the remainder of the country. In early modern ([[Tokugawa period]]) Japan, the sight or sound of a dulci ..., "The Sound of Ryukyuan Musical Instruments" 絢爛たる琉球楽器, exhibit at [[Shuri castle]], Naha, Okinawa, Dec 2016.</ref>

...oka (city)|Fukuoka]]. It is one of the top three [[Tenjin]] shrines in the country, along with [[Kitano Tenmangu|Kitano Tenmangû]] in [[Kyoto]] and either [[ ...e shrine) includes several large stone [[torii]]. After a sharp left-turn, one passes through another stone torii, and then over a bridge designed in thre

...illed samurai commanders of the later Sengoku Period; sometimes considered one of [[Takeda Shingen's 24 Generals]]'' ..., is said to have been at the famous [[Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima]]. At one point he was known as Mutô Kibêjô 武藤喜兵衛尉, but his two elder

...a clan|Maeda]] lords of [[Kaga han|Kaga]]. Established in [[1874]], it was one of the first modern public parks in Japan.<ref>Sven Saaler, "Public Statuar ...ll on which Kenrokuen sits was originally the site of a secondary fortress/castle to help defend this rear entrance. The fifth lord of Kaga, [[Maeda Tsunanor

Osaka was one of the three major cities in [[Edo Period|Tokugawa Japan]], and remains tod ...Its role for centuries as one of the most major commercial centers in the country, bringing together the foods (and other goods) of the entire archipelago, h

...il of regents that formed in order to handle this challenge and manage the country on the king's behalf soon grew into an established and powerful government ...at poetry, calligraphy, and so forth (which were seen to be reflective of one's moral character), experience in traveling to China and Japan was also see

...rsity of the Arts being established in the Tônokura neighborhood below the castle, where it remains. A second campus is located a short distance away, in the ...y found there than at any university library in Tokyo (or elsewhere in the country). The university's special collections are also home to the original notebo

*1853/4/16 A fire destroys [[Tsuwano castle]] and much of the surrounding [[castle-town]]. ...ip and attempts to convince him to give up his intentions to visit [[Shuri castle]]. Perry denies Bettelheim's request to travel with him to Japan.

...umb|350px|The tomb-mound of Emperor Meiji, at the former site of [[Fushimi castle]] in [[Kyoto]].]] ...was the first Emperor since [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] in the 1330s to rule the country in the absence of a [[shogunate]]; he was also the last Emperor to reign in

...ji|Fukushô-ji]] in [[Kagoshima]], surrounded by tens of stone lanterns, is one of the largest in the entire [[Shimazu clan]] cemetery]] ...metimes even referred to as "the closed country within the [[sakoku|closed country]]."<ref>Gallery labels, [[Reimeikan Museum]], Kagoshima, Sept 2014.</ref> H

*1875/7/14 Matsuda enters [[Shuri castle]] and meets with [[Nakijin Chofu|Prince Nakijin]], issuing a series of dema ...u ueekata submits his formal letter of complaint, and remains in Tokyo for one year, continuing to reject Japanese demands on behalf of the Ryukyuan court

...wer of the ''daimyô'' and thus protecting the shogunate's control over the country. They drew extensively upon the [[Chinese classics]], and upon earlier Japa ...quarreling, from forming alliances and parties, and from swearing oaths to one another. The system of ''sankin kôtai'' was more fully established at this

...with intricately detailed carving and decorative elaboration. Named after one of the gates to the [[Kyoto Imperial Palace]], the Yômeimon includes over One of the many large [[torii]] on the site bears calligraphy from the hand of

*''Castle: [[Hirosaki castle]]''

Silk was one of the most prominent materials both produced in Japan and imported from Ch Silk production is one of the classic examples of cottage industries and by-employments that const

*''Castle: [[Yonezawa castle]]'' ...h that the clan was considered among the ''taishin [[kunimochi]]'' ("great country holder") ''daimyô''.<ref>Ravina, 19.</ref>

[[File:Naosuke-hikone.jpg|right|thumb|240px|Statue of Ii Naosuke at [[Hikone castle]]]] ...ding the [[maritime restrictions]] of the [[Edo period]] and "opening" the country, and for his engineering of the [[Ansei Purges]] in which he purged from th

...'' were a pair of institutions, one located in early modern [[Fuzhou]] and one in [[Kagoshima]], which served as pseudo-embassies, or branch offices of th ...administration; this ''Ryûkyû kariya'' was thus but one (albeit a special one) within a network of standard domainal practices.<ref>Akamine Mamoru, Lina

*''Castle: [[Kochi castle|Kôchi castle]]'' ...</ref> domain was ruled by the [[Yamauchi clan]] from [[Kochi castle|Kôchi castle]], its territory roughly coterminous with [[Tosa province]].

*''Castle: [[Tokushima castle]]'' ..."true country holding") ''daimyô'' in the realm,<ref>Ravina, 19.</ref> and one of the only ones to hold two entire provinces. The domain has been characte

...gatekeeper hired by the ''chô''; the guardhouse, meanwhile, was manned by one local resident of the ''chô'' and by a professional guardman, who between ...s also referred to as ''yakeya'' (burning houses), since fires spread from one house to the next quite quickly and easily.<ref>Gallery labels, Edo-Tokyo M

*''Castle: [[Morioka castle]]'' ...ide the larger, more prominent [[Sendai han]]. It was ruled from [[Morioka castle]] by the ''tozama daimyô'' of the [[Nanbu clan]]. The domain's ''[[daimyo

...mmanded two unsuccessful invasions of Korea, one in [[1592]]-[[1593]], and one in [[1597]]-[[1598]]. ...at "the mobilization for Hideyoshi's Korean venture encompassed the entire country of Japan, whether or not the troops were directly involved in operations on

The Okinawan language is one of several [[Ryukyuan languages]] spoken in the [[Ryukyu Islands]]. It is s ...rominent in the Shuri dialect. The word ''gusuku'', meaning "fortress" or "castle," and alternatively written/pronounced as ''gushiku'', is a good example of

...yûkyû." However, this has nothing to do with "disposition" in the sense of one's mood or temperament, or inclinations or tendencies. Rather, the word ''sh ...s king, [[Sho Tai|Shô Tai]], to now no longer be ''koku-ô'' (国王, king of a country), but ''han-ô'' (藩王, lord of a domain), despite the fact that all the

*''Castle: [[Kagoshima castle]]'' ...ovince, the Shimazu were considered ''[[kunimochi|hon-kunimochi]]'' ("true country holders").<ref>*[[Mark Ravina]], ''Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan'

...ional municipalities which comprise the metropolitan prefecture constitute one of the largest and most populous metropolitan areas in the world, and are h ...rial Palace was completed in [[1889]]. In the meantime, much of the former castle grounds became overgrown and infested with foxes and other wildlife.<ref>Fu

...s were [[Buddhist temples]] and [[Shinto shrines]].<ref>Loo, Tze M. “Shuri Castle’s Other History: Architecture and Empire in Okinawa.” ''The Asia-Pacifi [[File:Himeji1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|[[Himeji castle]]]]

...of its location a short distance south of the main royal palace at [[Shuri castle|Shuri]], Shikinaen is also known as Nan'en ("Southern Gardens"). ...w water from the pond into a controlled waterfall. A ''funa-ageba'' off to one corner of the pond stored pleasure boats which the royalty and their guests

...years and learned the craft. From him, the knowledge spread throughout the country.<ref>Nanpo ''Teppô-ki''</ref> ...smiths to copy and mass-produce this advanced weapon<ref>Baker 2004</ref>. One ''daimyô'' in particular who saw potential in this weapon was [[Oda Nobuna

...; [[1531]]-[[1596]]), a retainer of [[Matsunaga Hisahide]] who held [[Sawa Castle]] in northwest [[Yamato province]]. ...ved in a war with the Miyoshi. In the course of the feud, Sawa, Tomoteru’s castle, was lost, forcing the Takayama to flee. Through the good offices of [[Wada

...of the [[Japanese archipelago]] and the northernmost [[prefecture]] in the country. It is by far the largest prefecture, covering more than 83,000 sq km (in c ...referred to the territory as Ainu Mosir ("Ainu land") or Yaun Mosir ("the country land"), Japanese long referred to it as Ezo or Ezochi, a barbarian land. Et

...auchi Yôdô]], ''daimyô'' were forced to step down as lord of their domain. One of those who lost his position in these purges was Hotta Masayoshi, who was ...]] of [[Edo castle]], by a group of [[ronin]] who felt he had betrayed the country. [[Henry Heusken]], Dutch advisor to Townsend Harris, was similarly assassi

...y, to convince the Commodore to give up his intentions of entering [[Shuri castle]]. [[Makishi Chochu|Makishi Chôchû]], a high-ranking official in the roya On June 6 (4/30), Perry forced his way into Shuri Castle, but was denied audience with either the [[Sho Tai|ten-year-old king]] or t

...lized around 260, but the total number of distinct domains that existed at one time or another over the course of the Edo period exceeds 540.<ref name=kod ...dination, or other sorts of violations of propriety or competence; roughly one-third of attainders in this fifty-year period were the result of this sort

...o his authority, they were performing "''sankin''": coming to their lord's castle and sitting in attendance, or in service, to their lord, the shogun. The lo ...could also request, and be granted, exceptions from ''sankin kôtai'' on a one-time basis, when the lord was ill or the Edo mansion had burned down, or wh

...1-82.</ref> according to the traditional histories, this sword (likely the one known as [[Jiganemaru]]) was a gift from Nakasone to the king explicitly as ...llains, and coloring the narrative of Miyako-Shuri interactions overall as one of uncivilized, "barbaric" places prone to violence which needed to be show

...e), the Sô enjoyed the privilege of ''[[kunimochi|hon-kunimochi]]'' ("true country holder") status.<ref>[[Mark Ravina]], ''Land and Lordship in Early Modern J ...main was around 32,000, with half the population living in the [[jokamachi|castle town]] of Fuchû.<ref>Tashiro Kazui. "Foreign Relations during the Edo Peri

...eek or so later, for a banquet and ''[[sarugaku]]'' performance at [[Sunpu castle]].<ref>"Shizuoka wo aruku" 静岡を歩く, ''Momoto'' モモト 14 (April ...t ranking. In 1611, two years after the invasion, the king returned to his castle at [[Shuri]] once Tadatsune and his advisors were satisfied that he would u

...t only to count time by years but also to show time by hours (In this case one day is divided into twelve fractions.) and direction. Dates based on Eto ca ...Do means the provinces along the seven main roads spreading throughout the country.

...forest clearing, and thus enhancing the sense of a spiritual place, where one might be visited by spirits or visions. Further, the pine, as an evergreen ..." (''monogurui Noh''), which feature characters grieving over a lost loved one.

One of the chief events which spurred Satsuma to aggression occurred when Hidey ...y peace overtures extended by the Ryukyuans, but also to burn down [[Shuri castle]] if necessary to avoid getting bogged down in a lengthy siege, and to take

...dismissed the notion out of hand. Yoritomo's offer is in any event an odd one. He had, after all, been operating quite without concern for Kyoto since th ...oritomo. A host departed from Kyoto in May, and in Kaga Province split up. One force, under Tomomori, would advance to the north and swing through Noto Pr

...eigning shogun gone to Kyoto. This was a difficult time for a Japan as the country was violently struggling to find consensus on how to deal with the threat s ...scope of the Mibu Roshigumi's mission from one of protecting the Shogun to one of patrolling the streets of Kyoto and restoring order in the name of the B

...ng a total land area of some 2,000 square kilometers, it comprises roughly one percent of Japan's total land area.<ref>Hiroko Matsuda and Pedro Iacobelli, ...ractices in Okinawa into line with systems used throughout the rest of the country. This included converting much communal land into private property, and eli

...as Japan burst onto the world scene demanding to be recognized as a modern country, and as a world power. From electricity and [[railroads]] to [[yoga|oil pai ...or gone in a dramatically different direction, at any of numerous points. One such threat came from [[shizoku rebellions|violent rebellions]] by former s

...yama|Toyama]] – [[Siege of Negoroji|Negoroji]] – [[Siege of Ota Castle|Ôta Castle]] – [[Invasion of Shikoku (1585)|Shikoku & Ichinomiya]] – [[Battle of T ...enmity of the senior Oda retainers. Tokachiro is then given a position as one of Nobunaga's sandal-bearers and is present for the [[Battle of Okehazama]]

...Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 63.</ref> and the construction of [[Azuchi castle]], the model for Japanese [[castles]] in the mode most well-known today. ...ased at [[Kiyosu castle]]. The rival branch was to the north, in [[Iwakura castle]].

...the political ploys of the [[Imagawa clan]], and was now lord of [[Okazaki castle]], a relatively minor territory in [[Mikawa province]]. The question of acc ...ice but to agree, and Sessai returned to Suruga with Takechiyo, who traded one hostage situation for another.

...ng the Tokugawa victory over the [[Toyotomi clan]] in the [[siege of Osaka Castle]], thus finally eliminating the last serious opposition. The population of ...archipelago. In each locale, peasants and commoners paid taxes only to the one authority that controlled that territory, whether it be a ''daimyô'' house

...Bingo]] are also known to have commanded raiding parties around this time. One contemporary source relates that "the seven bands" of ''wakô'', though pre ...led in turn to a rise in illegal trade between the coastal Chinese on the one hand with Japanese and other foreigners. A number of Chinese officials and

[[Image:Seiden.jpg|right|400px|thumb|The Seiden of Shuri castle.]] Shuri castle was the chief royal palace of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]]

...ng with [[Noh]] and ''[[ningyo joruri|ningyô jôruri]]'' (aka ''bunraku''), one of the three most prominent forms of traditional Japanese theater. Emerging The ''hanamichi'' (lit. "flower path"), a long, narrow walkway and one of the most visible stage features, extends from the stage (just left of st

...territory on the island of Ezo. Controlling that territory from [[Matsumae castle]], they came to be known as the [[Matsumae clan]], and remained the only da ...ies explicitly did not recognize the Ainu as a sovereign people, i.e. as a country, in the same way that they recognized Korea, China, or Ryûkyû; instead, J