Difference between revisions of "Bombardment of Kagoshima"
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The Bombardment of [[Kagoshima]], also known as the Anglo-Satsuma War, was a brief conflict which took place in [[1863]]/7, in which British Royal Navy vessels shelled the [[jokamachi|castle town]] of Kagoshima, headquarters of [[Satsuma han]]. | The Bombardment of [[Kagoshima]], also known as the Anglo-Satsuma War, was a brief conflict which took place in [[1863]]/7, in which British Royal Navy vessels shelled the [[jokamachi|castle town]] of Kagoshima, headquarters of [[Satsuma han]]. | ||
| − | The Bombardment came in the aftermath of the [[Namamugi Incident]] the previous year, in which a British merchant, Charles Lennox Richardson, was killed by Satsuma samurai after failing to make way for the ''daimyô's'' entourage, as they met on a road in [[Yokohama]]. Numerous negotiations took place in the months after the incident, with tensions eventually leading to the arrival of a number of British warships in Kagoshima harbor in the seventh month of 1863. The acting British consul, [[Edward St. John Neale]], attempted for three days to negotiate some sort of settlement, but when no agreement could be reached, the ships opened fire. Engaging in combat with a number of modern steamship warships Satsuma had purchased from British merchants in [[1860]]-1863, the British ships suffered some considerable damage, but nevertheless managed to destroy much of the city before withdrawing, arriving back in Yokohama two days later. | + | The Bombardment came in the aftermath of the [[Namamugi Incident]] the previous year, in which a British merchant, Charles Lennox Richardson, was killed by Satsuma samurai after failing to make way for the ''daimyô's'' entourage, as they met on a road in [[Yokohama]]. Numerous negotiations took place in the months after the incident, with tensions eventually leading to the arrival of a number of British warships in Kagoshima harbor in the seventh month of 1863. The acting British consul, [[Edward St. John Neale]], attempted for three days to negotiate some sort of settlement, but when no agreement could be reached, the ships opened fire. Engaging in combat with a number of modern steamship warships Satsuma had purchased from British merchants in [[1860]]-1863, the British ships suffered some considerable damage, but nevertheless managed to destroy much of the city before withdrawing, arriving back in Yokohama two days later. Thirteen British were killed in the battle, and 40 suffered injuries; on the Satsuma side, only eighteen suffered injuries or death. Much of the city was destroyed, along with coastal defense batteries and the [[Shokoshuseikan|Shôkoshûseikan]].<ref>''Satsuma to Igirisu'', Kagoshima: Shokoshuseikan (2011), 63.</ref> Still, the domainal lord, [[Shimazu Tadayoshi]], claimed victory, and successfully represented to the Imperial Court that he had acted in accordance with the edict issued two months earlier by [[Emperor Komei|Emperor Kômei]] to [[joi|expel the barbarians]]. Even so, seeking peace and the continuation of trade with the British, Satsuma officials borrowed money from the shogunate to pay the British an indemnity for Richardson's murder; in the 9th month, they presented the British at Yokohama with the equivalent of 100,000 [[Mexican silver dollars]] in reparations. |
Some excavated ruins of the Gionnosu batteries used by the Japanese in the battle as part of their efforts at coastal defense can still be seen today in Kagoshima's Gionnosu Park; they were named a [[World Heritage Site]] in 2015, alongside a number of other sites in Kagoshima and elsewhere associated with Japan's [[Meiji period]] industrialization. | Some excavated ruins of the Gionnosu batteries used by the Japanese in the battle as part of their efforts at coastal defense can still be seen today in Kagoshima's Gionnosu Park; they were named a [[World Heritage Site]] in 2015, alongside a number of other sites in Kagoshima and elsewhere associated with Japan's [[Meiji period]] industrialization. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
*Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 194-195. | *Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 194-195. | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Battles]] | [[Category:Battles]] | ||
[[Category:Events and Incidents]] | [[Category:Events and Incidents]] | ||
[[Category:Bakumatsu]] | [[Category:Bakumatsu]] | ||
Revision as of 01:01, 8 November 2015
- Date: 1863/7
- Japanese: 薩英戦争 (Satsu-Ei sensou, lit. "Anglo-Satsuma War")
The Bombardment of Kagoshima, also known as the Anglo-Satsuma War, was a brief conflict which took place in 1863/7, in which British Royal Navy vessels shelled the castle town of Kagoshima, headquarters of Satsuma han.
The Bombardment came in the aftermath of the Namamugi Incident the previous year, in which a British merchant, Charles Lennox Richardson, was killed by Satsuma samurai after failing to make way for the daimyô's entourage, as they met on a road in Yokohama. Numerous negotiations took place in the months after the incident, with tensions eventually leading to the arrival of a number of British warships in Kagoshima harbor in the seventh month of 1863. The acting British consul, Edward St. John Neale, attempted for three days to negotiate some sort of settlement, but when no agreement could be reached, the ships opened fire. Engaging in combat with a number of modern steamship warships Satsuma had purchased from British merchants in 1860-1863, the British ships suffered some considerable damage, but nevertheless managed to destroy much of the city before withdrawing, arriving back in Yokohama two days later. Thirteen British were killed in the battle, and 40 suffered injuries; on the Satsuma side, only eighteen suffered injuries or death. Much of the city was destroyed, along with coastal defense batteries and the Shôkoshûseikan.[1] Still, the domainal lord, Shimazu Tadayoshi, claimed victory, and successfully represented to the Imperial Court that he had acted in accordance with the edict issued two months earlier by Emperor Kômei to expel the barbarians. Even so, seeking peace and the continuation of trade with the British, Satsuma officials borrowed money from the shogunate to pay the British an indemnity for Richardson's murder; in the 9th month, they presented the British at Yokohama with the equivalent of 100,000 Mexican silver dollars in reparations.
Some excavated ruins of the Gionnosu batteries used by the Japanese in the battle as part of their efforts at coastal defense can still be seen today in Kagoshima's Gionnosu Park; they were named a World Heritage Site in 2015, alongside a number of other sites in Kagoshima and elsewhere associated with Japan's Meiji period industrialization.
References
- Robert Hellyer, Defining Engagement, Harvard University Press (2009), 194-195.
- ↑ Satsuma to Igirisu, Kagoshima: Shokoshuseikan (2011), 63.
