Banishment

In the Edo period, there were a number of different types and extents of banishment to which someone might be sentenced.

• Harai 払 meant banishment from a specific location. For example, Edo barai 江戸払 meant the individual was forbidden to enter Edo. Tokoro barai 所払 meant banishment from one's hometown or home region.

• Tsuihô 追放, which might be directly translated as simply "banishment," was generally divided into three varieties.
  • Severe banishment (jû tsuihô 重追放) involved the confiscation of the individual's home and fields, and their banishment from taking up residence in their home province, the location of their crimes, or anywhere within ten ri around Edo in all directions, in the case of a commoner. Bushi sentenced to severe banishment were banished from the above, and additionally from living anywhere within the eight provinces within the checkpoints (around Edo), in the area around Kyoto, or along the Tôkaidô highway.
  • Medium banishment (chû tsuihô 中追放) involved the confiscation of the individual's home and fields, and their banishment from entering Musashi, Shimotsuke, Kai, Suruga, Yamashiro, Settsu, Izumi, or Hizen province, as well as from taking the Tôkaidô or Kiso Kaidô highways, and from entering within ten ri of Edo.
  • Light banishment (kei tsuihô 軽追放) involved banishment from one's home province and the province where the crime was committed, as well as from Kyoto, Osaka, the Tôkaidô, the Nikkô Dôchû highway, and an area ten ri around Edo. Later in the Edo period, this was simplified to being only one's home province, the province where the crime was committed, and ten ri around Edo.

• Entô 遠島 meant banishment or exile to a distant island. As in earlier periods, this included Sado Island, Hachijô Island, the Izu Islands, and various locations within the Ryukyu Islands, among others.

References

• "Keitsuihô," "Chûtsuihô," "Jûtsuihô," Digital Daijisen, Shogakukan.[1][2][3]