1864

Bunkyû 4 (文久四年) / Genji 1 (元治元年)

Timeline of 1864

1864/1/15 Shogun Tokugawa Iemochi visits to Kyoto.
1864/3/27 Tengutô Rebellion.
1864/4 Itakura Katsukiyo is ousted from his post as rôjû as a new faction comes to power in the shogunate. Led by Abe Masatô and Takemoto Masaaki among others, this new faction is less supportive of the expulsion of the foreigners and more concerned with threats to Tokugawa authority represented by certain factions within the Imperial Court and Chôshû.
1864/5/21 Bakufu establishes the Naval Academy.
1864/6/5 Ikedaya Affair
1864/6/15 Construction of Goryôkaku is completed.
1864/7/19 Kinmon Rebellion
1864/7/24 Bakufu orders the 21 han to attack Chôshû.
1864/8/5 Britain, America, France, and the Netherlands attack Shimonoseki.
1864/9 Shogunate reopens the port of Yokohama, after closing it in the spring.
1864/9/22 Bakufu agrees to pay compensations to the four countries.
1864/12
- 12/16 Tengutô surrenders in Echizen.
- 12/16 Takasugi Shinsaku and Chôshû troops attack Shimonoseki.

The French establish a protectorate over Cambodia.
The Taiping Rebellion in China comes to an end.
The Qing Court launches the Tongzhi Restoration in an effort to halt or reverse the dynasty's decline.
The first political cartoon by a Japanese artist, appearing in a Japanese publication, is believed to be one published in this year. Appearing in the Nihon bôeki shinbun, a translation of the English-language newspaper Japan Commercial News, the cartoon depicts a man with his decapitated head in his hands, and is meant to refer to the self-destructive results of the anti-foreign actions of Chôshû han (see Bombardment of Shimonoseki).
Léon Roches becomes French consul in Japan.

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