Difference between revisions of "Hikeshi"
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* Japanese:火消し(Hikeshi) | * Japanese:火消し(Hikeshi) | ||
| − | + | Firefighters in Edo period. | |
| − | + | ==Hôsho Bikeshi== | |
| − | + | *Hôsho Bikeshi (奉書火消し) was established by [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Iemitsu|Iemitsu]] in [[1629]]. | |
| − | |||
| − | == | + | ==Daimyô Bikeshi== |
| − | * [[Tokugawa Ietsuna|Ietsuna]] ordered 4 [[Hatamoto]] to form | + | * [[1643]], Iemitsu appointed 16 [[Daimyo|Daimyô]] to form firefighter units "Daimyô Bikeshi"(大名火消し). However the Hikeshi only worked for protecting [[Edo castle]], Daimyô mansions and Samurai houses. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Jô Bikeshi== | ||
| + | * Shogun [[Tokugawa Ietsuna|Ietsuna]] ordered 4 [[Hatamoto]] to form firefighter units "Jô Bikeshi" (定火消し) after [[Great Meireki Fire]] in [[1657]]. They set fire stations in Iidabashi, Ichigaya, Ochanomizu, and Kôjimachi. Two initial ''jô-bikeshi'' fire brigades later expanded to ten, overseen by the ''[[wwakadoshiyori]]'', and based at firehouses arranged in an arc across the north and west of the city (the direction from which winds blew which were the most dangerous for spreading a fire to the castle).<ref>Katô Takashi, "Governing Edo," in James McClain (ed.), ''Edo & Paris'', Cornell University Press (1994), 63.</ref> | ||
==Machi Bikeshi== | ==Machi Bikeshi== | ||
| − | * [[Tokugawa Yoshimune|Yoshimune]] ordered [[Ooka Tadasuke]] to install [[Chonin|Chônin's]] Hikeshi "Machi Bikeshi"(町火消し) in [[1718]]. ''I-ro-ha 48 units'' and ''Honjo-Fukagawa 16 units'' were formed. | + | * Shogun [[Tokugawa Yoshimune|Yoshimune]] ordered [[Ooka Tadasuke]] to install [[Chonin|Chônin's]] Hikeshi "Machi Bikeshi"(町火消し) in [[1718]]. ''I-ro-ha 48 units'' and ''Honjo-Fukagawa 16 units'' were formed in [[1720]]. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
* ''Oedo Happyaku Yacho'' (大江戸八百八町) Tokyo Edo Museum. | * ''Oedo Happyaku Yacho'' (大江戸八百八町) Tokyo Edo Museum. | ||
* [http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/libr/times/times01.htm Tokyo Fire Department] | * [http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/libr/times/times01.htm Tokyo Fire Department] | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
[[Category:Groups]] | [[Category:Groups]] | ||
[[Category:Edo Period]] | [[Category:Edo Period]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:00, 18 April 2018
- Japanese:火消し(Hikeshi)
Firefighters in Edo period.
Hôsho Bikeshi
Daimyô Bikeshi
- 1643, Iemitsu appointed 16 Daimyô to form firefighter units "Daimyô Bikeshi"(大名火消し). However the Hikeshi only worked for protecting Edo castle, Daimyô mansions and Samurai houses.
Jô Bikeshi
- Shogun Ietsuna ordered 4 Hatamoto to form firefighter units "Jô Bikeshi" (定火消し) after Great Meireki Fire in 1657. They set fire stations in Iidabashi, Ichigaya, Ochanomizu, and Kôjimachi. Two initial jô-bikeshi fire brigades later expanded to ten, overseen by the wwakadoshiyori, and based at firehouses arranged in an arc across the north and west of the city (the direction from which winds blew which were the most dangerous for spreading a fire to the castle).[1]
Machi Bikeshi
- Shogun Yoshimune ordered Ooka Tadasuke to install Chônin's Hikeshi "Machi Bikeshi"(町火消し) in 1718. I-ro-ha 48 units and Honjo-Fukagawa 16 units were formed in 1720.
References
- Oedo Happyaku Yacho (大江戸八百八町) Tokyo Edo Museum.
- Tokyo Fire Department
- ↑ Katô Takashi, "Governing Edo," in James McClain (ed.), Edo & Paris, Cornell University Press (1994), 63.
