Changes

*''Japanese'': 鞆の浦 ''(Tomonoura)''

*''Japanese'': 鞆の浦 ''(Tomonoura)''

Tomonoura is a harbor in modern-day Fukuyama City, [[Hiroshima prefecture]], which historically was a significant [[Inland Sea]] port and [[jokamachi|castle town]]. It was a port of call along the [[Western Circuit]] shipping route of the ''[[kitamaebune]]'', and a formal maritime post-station (''umi no eki''), regularly hosting ''daimyô'' on ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' journeys and [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo|Ryukyuan]], [[Korean embassies to Edo|Korean]], and [[Dutch embassies to Edo]], as well as shogunal officials and official shogunal cargo shipments.

Tomonoura is a harbor in modern-day Fukuyama City, [[Hiroshima prefecture]], which historically was a significant [[Inland Sea]] port and [[jokamachi|castle town]]. It was a port of call along the [[Western Circuit]] shipping route of the ''[[kitamaebune]]'', and a formal maritime post-station (''umi no eki''), regularly hosting ''daimyô'' on ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' journeys and [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo|Ryukyuan]], [[Korean embassies to Edo|Korean]], and [[Dutch embassies to Edo]], as well as shogunal officials and official shogunal cargo shipments. Tomo is today the only site in Japan to still possess all five of what are said to be the key elements necessary for an Edo period port: a ''jôyatô'' lighthouse lantern, ''gangi'' (steps leading directly into/out of the water), a ''funabansho'' (port guardhouse), a ''namidome'' (breakwater), and a ''tateba'' (drydock for ship repairs).<ref>Mouri Kazuo (2016), “The concept of ‘cultural landscapes’ in relation to the historic port town of Tomo,” in Matsuda, Akira and Mengoni, Luisa Elena (eds.) ''Reconsidering Cultural Heritage in East Asia'', London: Ubiquity Press, 130.</ref>

Even since ancient times, Tomo's natural geography made it an ideal harbor for ships to wait for the right winds and tides (''shiomachi'', or "waiting for the tides," frequently appears as a theme in poetry and literature about the port, going back even to the ''[[Manyoshu|Man'yôshû]]'').<ref name=plaques>Plaques on-site in Tomonoura.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/36862112272/sizes/h/]</ref> As early as [[1607]], the town is said to have been fairly densely packed, the homes "like the teeth of a comb,"<ref>Aono Shunsui 青野春水, "Edo jidai Tomo-chô no seiritsu to kôzô" 江戸時代鞆町の成立と構造, ''Tomo no tsu [[Nakamura-ke nikki|Nakamura-ke monjo]] mokuroku IV'' 鞆の津中村家文書目録 IV (2009), 252, citing ''Haecha lu'' (海槎録), a record by Korean envoy Gyeong Chilsong<!--慶七松-->.</ref> at a time when nearby ports such as [[Mitarai]] are said to have had no elite houses at all, developing a sizable population only in the 18th century.<ref>Kimura Yoshisato 木村吉聡 (ed.), ''Ryukyu shisetsu no Edo nobori to Mitarai'' 琉球使節の江戸上りと御手洗, Shiomachi kankô kôryû Center 潮待ち館観光交流センター (2001), 3.</ref> Korean envoys visiting Tomo ten years later (in [[1617]]) wrote that Tomo was even greater than [[Shimonoseki]].<ref name=aono252>Aono, 252.</ref> By the 1760s, Tomo boasted some 1,465 buildings, housing around 5,860 people.<ref>These included 434 families who owned their own homes, 1,031 homes which were rental properties, twenty-seven Buddhist temples, and ten families who operated Shinto shrines. Fujii Kazue 藤井和枝 and Mitsunari Nahoko 光成名保子, "Nakamura ke nikki (III) ni tsuite," ''Nakamura ke nikki III - Fukuyama shi jûyô bunkazai'', Fukuyama Castle Museum Tomo-no-kai (2009), 3.</ref>

Even since ancient times, Tomo's natural geography made it an ideal harbor for ships to wait for the right winds and tides (''shiomachi'', or "waiting for the tides," frequently appears as a theme in poetry and literature about the port, going back even to the ''[[Manyoshu|Man'yôshû]]'').<ref name=plaques>Plaques on-site in Tomonoura.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/36862112272/sizes/h/]</ref> As early as [[1607]], the town is said to have been fairly densely packed, the homes "like the teeth of a comb,"<ref>Aono Shunsui 青野春水, "Edo jidai Tomo-chô no seiritsu to kôzô" 江戸時代鞆町の成立と構造, ''Tomo no tsu [[Nakamura-ke nikki|Nakamura-ke monjo]] mokuroku IV'' 鞆の津中村家文書目録 IV (2009), 252, citing ''Haecha lu'' (海槎録), a record by Korean envoy Gyeong Chilsong<!--慶七松-->.</ref> at a time when nearby ports such as [[Mitarai]] are said to have had no elite houses at all, developing a sizable population only in the 18th century.<ref>Kimura Yoshisato 木村吉聡 (ed.), ''Ryukyu shisetsu no Edo nobori to Mitarai'' 琉球使節の江戸上りと御手洗, Shiomachi kankô kôryû Center 潮待ち館観光交流センター (2001), 3.</ref> Korean envoys visiting Tomo ten years later (in [[1617]]) wrote that Tomo was even greater than [[Shimonoseki]].<ref name=aono252>Aono, 252.</ref> By the 1760s, Tomo boasted some 1,465 buildings, housing around 5,860 people.<ref>These included 434 families who owned their own homes, 1,031 homes which were rental properties, twenty-seven Buddhist temples, and ten families who operated Shinto shrines. Fujii Kazue 藤井和枝 and Mitsunari Nahoko 光成名保子, "Nakamura ke nikki (III) ni tsuite," ''Nakamura ke nikki III - Fukuyama shi jûyô bunkazai'', Fukuyama Castle Museum Tomo-no-kai (2009), 3.</ref>