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One of the chief central commercial districts of the city, today known as Tenmonkan, can be said to trace its history as such back to [[1615]], when [[Shimazu Iehisa]] designated forty-eight merchants, including fishmongers, salt sellers, and the like, to establish a market. Known originally as Nayashû (納屋衆), the market later came to be known as Nayanbaa (納屋馬場), and from the [[Meiji period]] up through 1935, when a new "Central Market" (''chûô ichiba'') was established, Nayanbaa remained the chief fish market for the city's residents. Today, Naya-dôri remains one of the major avenues in the broader Tenmonkan district, filled with shops, restaurants, and the like. The district takes its name from the [[Tenmonkan]], an astronomical observatory and research center originally begun as the Meijikan by [[Shimazu Shigehide]] in [[1779]]. At that time, the district was one of samurai residences, surrounded by high stone walls; reception halls known as the Hanaoka yashiki and Otsukiya were also located within the district.<ref>Signs and plaques on-site in Tenmonkan & Naya-dôri areas.</ref> During the Taishô period, Tenmonkan became the center of Taishô urban culture in Kagoshima, with cafés, jazz bars, and cinemas.<ref name=reimei/>
One of the chief central commercial districts of the city, today known as Tenmonkan, can be said to trace its history as such back to [[1615]], when [[Shimazu Iehisa]] designated forty-eight merchants, including fishmongers, salt sellers, and the like, to establish a market. Known originally as Nayashû (納屋衆), the market later came to be known as Nayanbaa (納屋馬場), and from the [[Meiji period]] up through 1935, when a new "Central Market" (''chûô ichiba'') was established, Nayanbaa remained the chief fish market for the city's residents. Today, Naya-dôri remains one of the major avenues in the broader Tenmonkan district, filled with shops, restaurants, and the like. The district takes its name from the [[Tenmonkan]], an astronomical observatory and research center originally begun as the Meijikan by [[Shimazu Shigehide]] in [[1779]]. At that time, the district was one of samurai residences, surrounded by high stone walls; reception halls known as the Hanaoka yashiki and Otsukiya were also located within the district.<ref>Signs and plaques on-site in Tenmonkan & Naya-dôri areas.</ref> During the Taishô period, Tenmonkan became the center of Taishô urban culture in Kagoshima, with cafés, jazz bars, and cinemas.<ref name=reimei/>
In the 1840s, Shimazu ''[[karo|karô]]'' [[Zusho Shozaemon|Zusho Shôzaemon]] had [[Iwanaga Sangoro|Iwanaga Sangorô]], a stonemason from [[Higo province]], oversee the project of building five now-famous stone bridges across the Kôtsuki River<!--甲突川-->, which runs through the middle of the city. While Shinkanbashi (新上橋, 1845) and Takenohashi () were severely damaged by floods in 1993, the other three bridges - Kôraibashi, Nishidabashi, and Tamaebashi - survive today, and have been relocated to Gionnosu Park, where they are maintained as cultural properties of architectural heritage.
One of the city's main ports was at the mouth of the Inari-gawa (Inari River), in or near Kanmachi. However, beginning in [[1840]], sand and soil was dredged from the bottom of the Inari in order to build up an artificial area of land which came to be known as Gionnosu; numerous coastal defense batteries were installed there in the 1850s-1860s.<ref name=kanmachi/>
One of the city's main ports was at the mouth of the Inari-gawa (Inari River), in or near Kanmachi. However, beginning in [[1840]], sand and soil was dredged from the bottom of the Inari in order to build up an artificial area of land which came to be known as Gionnosu; numerous coastal defense batteries were installed there in the 1850s-1860s.<ref name=kanmachi/>