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During the [[Edo period]], the population of the city was around 58,000.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 28.</ref>
During the [[Edo period]], the population of the city was around 58,000.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 28.</ref>
One of the chief central commercial districts of the city, today known as Tenmonkan, can be said to trace its history as such back to [[1615]], when [[Shimazu Iehisa]] designated forty-eight merchants, including fishmongers, salt sellers, and the like, to establish a market. Known originally as Nayashû (納屋衆), the market later came to be known as Nayanbaa (納屋馬場), and from the [[Meiji period]] up through 1935, when a new "Central Market" (''chûô ichiba'') was established, Nayanbaa remained the chief fish market for the city's residents. Today, Naya-dôri remains one of the major avenues in the broader Tenmonkan district, filled with shops, restaurants, and the like. The district takes its name from the [[Tenmonkan]], an astronomical observatory and research center originally begun as the Meijikan by [[Shimazu Shigehide]] in [[1779]]. At that time, the district was one of samurai residences, surrounded by high stone walls; reception halls known as the Hanaoka yashiki and Otsukiya were also located within the district.<ref>Signs and plaques on-site in Tenmonkan & Naya-dôri areas.</ref> During the Taishô period, Tenmonkan became the center of Taishô urban culture in Kagoshima, with cafés, jazz bars, and cinemas.<ref>Gallery labels, Reimeikan Museum of History & Culture, Kagoshima.</ref>
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