Ryukyu Royal Sho Family Documents
- Japanese: 琉球国王尚家関係資料 (Ryûkyû kokuô Shô ke kankei shiryô)
The Ryûkyû kokuô Shô ke kankei shiryô are a collection of historical documents; bingata, kasuri, and other Ryukyuan textile garments; works of Ryukyuan lacquerware; Ryukyuan pottery; and metalwork; along with three swords (Chiyoganemaru, Jiganemaru, and Chatan naachiri) and the sole surviving Ryukyu investiture crown, held at the Naha City Museum of History and considered collectively to be a National Treasure of Japan.
These 1,166 documents and 85 art treasures related to the Ryukyuan royal family were collectively designated as a National Treasure in 2006. In 2019, Shô Mamoru, 23rd head of the Shô house, officially donated to Naha City an additional 240 materials that had been held at the home of Matsumoto Hiroshi, son-in-law to Shô Hiroshi, 22nd head of the Shô family;[1] of these, 38 were added into the collective National Treasure (for a total of 1,207 documents).
Shôke monjo
These 1,166 documents, along with another 175 not designated National Treasures, are known as the "Shô Family Documents," or Shôke monjo 尚家文書. Following the fall of the kingdom in 1879, the Shô family was forced to leave Shuri castle; while King (now Marquis) Shô Tai and certain other members of the former-royal household took up residence in a mansion in Tokyo,[2][3] other members of the family remained behind at Nakagusuku udun, formerly the Crown Prince's mansion, just below Shuri castle. Many royal court (government) documents (especially those pertaining to foreign relations) were seized by the Meiji government,[3] while many others remained in the ownership of the Shô family but were sent to Tokyo so that scholar Higashionna Kanjun could use them as sources as he compiled his Shô Tai kô jitsuroku 尚泰侯実録 ("True Record of Lord Shô Tai"); while those kept at Nakagusuku udun were tragically lost in the 1945 Battle of Okinawa, those sent to Tokyo (along with new documents created or obtained in the intervening years) survived the 1923 earthquake, World War II, and other events.[4] Roughly 100 items were stolen from the residence's storehouse, however, in 1946, including a yingluo (golden jeweled attachment for the royal crown), two prized sanshin, three sets of kings' and queens' robes each, and forty items of bingata cloths dating to before 1609.[5]
In the postwar period, the family entrusted many materials, including those that had previously been lent to Higaonna, to Matsumoto Hiroshi, son-in-law of Shô Hiroshi (1918-1997), 22nd head of the family. Matsumoto, a librarian at the Waseda University Libraries, allowed the Okinawa Prefectural Board of Education to conduct a survey of these materials in 1973, and in 1989 began in earnest restoring and conserving the materials.[6]
In 1995, Shô Hiroshi donated these surviving 1,341 documents to the city of Naha;[4] the following year, he donated an additional 85 art objects, including a Ryukyu investiture crown, Chinese robes, bingata and kasuri garments, swords, metalwork objects, and lacquerwares, among others.[3] All of these were from collections held by the Shô family in Tokyo, and are all now held at the Naha City Museum of History.[7]
References
- "41 Sho royal family documents are to become national treasures," Ryukyu Shimpo, 21 March 2019.
- ↑ Hokama, 441.
- ↑ The Tokyo mansion was originally located at Kôjimachi Fujimi-chô 2-8 in Chiyoda-ku, today the site of the Kudan Middle School. Following the 1923 Great Kantô Earthquake, the family relocated to the Nanpeidai neighborhood in Shibuya-ku, a site today occupied by the Embassy of Malaysia. Meanwhile, Ryûkyû han (Ryukyu Domain) had its official mansion on Mochikizaka 檎木坂, in what is today Fujimi 1-chôme, Chiyoda-ku, from 1872 to 1879. "Ryûkyû hanshu e teitaku o tamawaru" 「琉球藩主へ邸宅を賜はる」, Tokyo nichinichi shimbun 東京日日新聞 (1872/10/3), reproduced in Meiji hennen shi 明治篇年史, vol 1 (1934), 497.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hokama Masaaki 外間政明, "Shôke no takaramono ni tsuite" 「尚家の宝物について」, RYUKYU exhibition catalog, Tokyo National Museum (2022), 437-438.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Katsuren Shôko 勝連晶子, "Ryûkyû ôkoku Shôke no monjo fukusei kara mietekuru mono" 琉球王国尚家の文書複製からみえてくるもの, Fee nu kaji 南ぬ風 48 (2018/7-9), 6-7.; the Shô family's Tokyo mansion escaped any significant damage in the 1923 earthquake, and it is said that the family offered refuge to many residents of the nearby area. Hokama, 439.
- ↑ Hokama, 441.
- ↑ Hokama, 440.
- ↑ Reproductions of most of the documents (both printed and microfilm) are kept at the University of the Ryukyus Library. While the Hôsei University Okinawa Studies Center also holds microfilm copies of these documents, the University of the Ryukyus set is more thoroughly labeled as to which materials can be found on which rolls of film.