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*''Chinese/Japanese'': 嗩吶 ''(suǒnà / sonai)'', チャルメラ ''(charumera)''
*''Chinese/Japanese'': 嗩吶 ''(suǒnà / sonai)'', チャルメラ ''(charumera)''
The ''suǒnà'', sometimes known as a shawm in English, is a Chinese double-reed oboe-like instrument derived from the Middle Eastern ''zurna''. Though not generally used in Japanese traditions, [[rojigaku|street processions]] performed by [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo]] included ''suǒnà'' alongside a number of gongs and drums. The ''suǒnà'' was also used in Ryukyuan ''[[uzagaku]]'' (chamber music) performances, both within the Ryukyuan royal court, and by members of the embassies performing in [[Shimazu clan]] [[daimyo yashiki|mansions]] or [[Edo castle|the shogun's castle]] in [[Edo]].
The ''suǒnà'', sometimes known as a shawm in English, is a Chinese double-reed oboe-like instrument derived from the Middle Eastern ''zurna''. Though not generally used in Japanese traditions, [[rojigaku|street processions]] performed by [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo]] included ''suǒnà'' alongside a number of gongs and drums; the sound of the ''suǒnà'' was considered a symbol of the king's authority, and as something which ornamented or added to his presence.<ref>Kaneshiro Atsumi 金城厚, “Ryūkyū no gaikō girei ni okeru gakki ensō no imi” 「琉球の外交儀礼における楽器演奏の意味」, Musa ムーサ 14 (2013), 59.</ref> The ''suǒnà'' was also used in Ryukyuan ''[[uzagaku]]'' (chamber music) performances, both within the Ryukyuan royal court, and by members of the embassies performing in [[Shimazu clan]] [[daimyo yashiki|mansions]] or [[Edo castle|the shogun's castle]] in [[Edo]].
An 18th century Ryukyuan ''suona'' surviving in [[Owari Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] collections is made primarily of brass and [[lacquer]]ed wood. Seven finger holes on one side of the instrument, and one on the reverse side, are coated on the inside with [[gold leaf]]. One more hole allows a tassel to be attached, for decorative purposes, and does not affect the sound of the instrument.<ref>''Okinawa bijutsu zenshû'' 5, 342.</ref>
An 18th century Ryukyuan ''suona'' surviving in [[Owari Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] collections is made primarily of brass and [[lacquer]]ed wood. Seven finger holes on one side of the instrument, and one on the reverse side, are coated on the inside with [[gold leaf]]. One more hole allows a tassel to be attached, for decorative purposes, and does not affect the sound of the instrument.<ref>''Okinawa bijutsu zenshû'' 5, 342.</ref>
