Bugaku

A scroll painting of various bugaku dances, 17th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Japanese: 舞楽 (bugaku)

Bugaku is a classical Japanese form of Imperial court dance, closely associated with gagaku court music. It is derived from a combination of Shinto dance and Chinese, Korean, and Southeast Asian influences, and developed into its mature form largely in the 8th-9th centuries.

Like gagaku court music, which is divided into Chinese- and Korean-derived forms (Tôgaku and Komagaku), bugaku is divided into three categories: kuniburi-no-mai (native Japanese dances), Sa-no-mai (dances of the left, derived from those of the Tang Dynasty first introduced in 698), and U-no-mai (dances of the right, derived from those of Korea). The Chinese-style dances typically use red costumes, while the Korean-style ones use green costumes. Performers included both court nobles and hereditary guilds of court entertainers, and bugaku continued through to the modern era.

The Chinese-style dances are typically accompanied by three types of flutes (hichiriki, ryûteki, and shô) and percussion instruments such as the kakko, shôko, and taiko, without string instruments. The Korean-style dances, the shô and ryûteki are replaced by the Korean-style flute (komabue), and the san-no-tsuzumi instead of kakko.

Bugaku Dances

• Konju 胡飲酒 (aka Suigoraku 酸胡楽, Eninraku 宴飲楽, Inshuraku 飲酒楽) - a dance based on or inspired by foreigners dancing drunkenly. This dance was performed by members of the Ô family (多家) since ancient times, but around 1100, Ô no Suketada was killed by Yamamura Masatsura, and the performance of this dance was suspended for a time. The mask for this dance is a dark red, with large eyes and long black hair.

References

• Gallery labels, Tokyo Imperial Palace.[2]
• Gallery label, "Bugaku Scroll," Metropolitan Museum of Art, 57.52.1.[3]