1639

Kan'ei 16 (寛永十六年)

Other Events

• All Westerners are banned from Japan, except for the Dutch, who are restricted to Hirado. Roughly 30 Japanese women and their children by Dutch or British men leave for Batavia.
• Hongan-ji school is established in Kyoto; these grounds are today Ryûkoku University.
• Reconstruction efforts are completed on Matsumae castle, which was destroyed two years previous.
• Maeda Toshitsune retires as daimyô of Kaga han, and is succeeded by his son Maeda Mitsumasa.
• Eleven managers of bathhouses and other Yoshiwara operations are crucified outside the Great Gate of the district for illegal activities committed outside the quarter.

Births and Deaths

• Kuroda Tadamasa dies (b. 1612).
• Ôkubo Tadataka dies (b. 1560).
• Ôtomo Yoshinobu dies.
• Taira Shigesuke, author of Bushidô Shôshinshû, is born (d. 1730).
• Uesugi Tsunakatsu, daimyô of Yonezawa, is born (d. 1664).

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1639

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