Difference between revisions of "Ashikaga shogunate"

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==The Ashikaga Shôgunate==
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[[Image:Muromachi.jpg|right|thumb|320px|Stele marking the southwestern corner of the former site of the chief governmental offices of the Muromachi ''bakufu'' at Muromachi-Imadegawa.]]
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::''See also: [[Muromachi period]].''
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*''Dates: [[1336]]-[[1573]]''
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*''Japanese'': 室町幕府 ''(Muromachi bakufu)''
  
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The Ashikaga were descended from [[Minamoto Yoshiie]], whose son [[Minamoto Yoshikuni|Yoshikuni]] settled in the Ashikaga district of Shimotsuke Province. Yoshikuni's first son took the name Nitta while his second took Ashikaga. The Ashikaga became very wealthy under the Hôjô Regents and their defection to the Imperial cause in [[1333]] sealed the Hôjô's fate. [[Ashikaga Takauji]] then turned against [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] and in [[1336]] was named the 1st Ashikaga shôgun. The Ashikaga were seriously weakened after the [[Onin War|Ônin War]] ([[1467]]-[[1477|77]]) and eventually eclipsed by [[Oda Nobunaga]] in [[1573]], who banished the last Ashikaga shôgun, [[Ashikaga Yoshiaki|Yoshiaki]], from [[Kyoto]].
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The Muromachi shogunate, ruled by members of the [[Ashikaga clan]], was the second of Japan's three [[shogunate]]s. Based in the Muromachi district of Kyoto, it was stronger than the preceding [[Kamakura shogunate]], wielding more direct power over more of the archipelago, but was still considerably weaker than the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] which would follow.
  
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The Ashikaga were descended from [[Minamoto no Yoshiie]], whose son [[Minamoto no Yoshikuni|Yoshikuni]] settled in the Ashikaga district of [[Shimotsuke province]]. Yoshikuni's first son took the name [[Nitta clan|Nitta]] while his second took Ashikaga. The Ashikaga became very wealthy under the [[Hojo clan (Hojo Regents)|Hôjô Regents]] and their defection to the [[Kemmu Restoration|Imperial cause]] in [[1333]] sealed the Hôjô's fate. [[Ashikaga Takauji]] then turned against [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] and in [[1336]] was named the first Ashikaga shôgun.
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The shogunate's bureaucracy was divided into four offices - one more than the Kamakura shogunate. These included an office overseeing police and military matters, one for financial affairs, one for judicial affairs, and one which maintained records, especially records related to land and taxation. The Ashikaga appointed ''[[shugo]]'', or military governors, to govern the provinces. His most trusted vassals were granted positions within the bureaucracy, and simultaneously held ''shugo'' positions in the areas immediately surrounding Kyoto. All the ''shugo'' throughout the archipelago were nominally vassals of the shogun, but enjoyed considerable autonomy, and would eventually (beginning around the time of the Ônin War in 1467-1477) transform into the [[Sengoku period|Sengoku]] [[daimyo]], claiming supreme local authority in their respective territories.
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Not only the Ashikaga, but their top vassals, and their retainers in turn, maintained homes in Kyoto at this time; it has been estimated that as many as 10,000 mounted warriors lived in the city in the 14th century (plus, some significant number of samurai retainers too low-ranking to own a horse).<ref>[[Eiko Ikegami]], ''Bonds of Civility'', Cambridge University Press (2005), 106.</ref>
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The Ashikaga were seriously weakened after the [[Onin War|Ônin War]] ([[1467]]-[[1477|77]]) and eventually eclipsed by [[Oda Nobunaga]] in [[1573]], who banished the last Ashikaga shôgun, [[Ashikaga Yoshiaki]], from [[Kyoto]].
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==List of Ashikaga shoguns==
 
{| border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0" align="center"
 
{| border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0" align="center"
 
!  
 
!  
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| '''Reign'''
 
| '''Reign'''
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Takauji]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Takauji]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
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|1338-1358
 
|1338-1358
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshiakira]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshiakira]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
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|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|1359-1367
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|1358-1367
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
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|1368-1394
 
|1368-1394
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]]
 
 
|
 
|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]]
 
|
 
|
−
|1386-1428
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|
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|1385-1428
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|1394-1423
 
|1394-1423
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshikazu]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshikazu]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|1423-1425
 
|1423-1425
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]]<ref>Repeat reign</ref>
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]]<ref>Repeat reign</ref>
 
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|
 
|
 
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|1425-1428
 
|1425-1428
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Ashikaga Yoshinori]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshinori]]
 
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|
 
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|1429-1441
 
|1429-1441
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshikatsu]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshikatsu]]
 
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|
 
|
 
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|1441-1443
 
|1441-1443
 
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|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshimasa]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshimasa]]
 
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|
 
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|
 
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|1443-1473
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|1443-1474
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshihisa]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshihisa]]
 
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|1473-1489
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|1474-1489
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshitane]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshitane]]
 
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|1490-1493
 
|1490-1493
 
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|-
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|[[Ashikaga Yoshizumi]]
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshizumi]]
 
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|
 
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|1493-1508
 
|1493-1508
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|-
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshitane]]<ref>Repeat reign</ref>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|1508-1521
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|-
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshiharu]]
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|
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|
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|1511-1550
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|
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|
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|1521-1546
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|-
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|
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshiteru]]
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|
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|1536-1565
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|
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|1546-1565
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|-
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshihide]]
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|
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|1564-1568
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|
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|1568
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|-
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*[[Ashikaga Yoshiaki (Shogun)|Ashikaga Yoshiaki]]
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|1537-1597
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|
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|1568-1573
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
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==Notes==
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===Notes & References===
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*[[Albert M. Craig]], ''The Heritage of Japanese Civilization'', Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 41.
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
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{{stub}}
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<center>
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{| border="3" align="center"
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|- align="center"
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|width="32%"|Preceded by:<br>'''[[Kemmu Restoration]]'''
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|width="35%"|'''Ashikaga Shogunate'''<br> [[1336]]-[[1573]]
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|width="32%"|Succeeded by:<br>'''[[Azuchi-Momoyama Period]]'''
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|}
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</center>
  
 
[[Category:Muromachi Period]][[Category:Political Institutions]]
 
[[Category:Muromachi Period]][[Category:Political Institutions]]

Latest revision as of 13:10, 30 March 2018

Stele marking the southwestern corner of the former site of the chief governmental offices of the Muromachi bakufu at Muromachi-Imadegawa.
See also: Muromachi period.
  • Dates: 1336-1573
  • Japanese: 室町幕府 (Muromachi bakufu)

The Muromachi shogunate, ruled by members of the Ashikaga clan, was the second of Japan's three shogunates. Based in the Muromachi district of Kyoto, it was stronger than the preceding Kamakura shogunate, wielding more direct power over more of the archipelago, but was still considerably weaker than the Tokugawa shogunate which would follow.

The Ashikaga were descended from Minamoto no Yoshiie, whose son Yoshikuni settled in the Ashikaga district of Shimotsuke province. Yoshikuni's first son took the name Nitta while his second took Ashikaga. The Ashikaga became very wealthy under the Hôjô Regents and their defection to the Imperial cause in 1333 sealed the Hôjô's fate. Ashikaga Takauji then turned against Emperor Go-Daigo and in 1336 was named the first Ashikaga shôgun.

The shogunate's bureaucracy was divided into four offices - one more than the Kamakura shogunate. These included an office overseeing police and military matters, one for financial affairs, one for judicial affairs, and one which maintained records, especially records related to land and taxation. The Ashikaga appointed shugo, or military governors, to govern the provinces. His most trusted vassals were granted positions within the bureaucracy, and simultaneously held shugo positions in the areas immediately surrounding Kyoto. All the shugo throughout the archipelago were nominally vassals of the shogun, but enjoyed considerable autonomy, and would eventually (beginning around the time of the Ônin War in 1467-1477) transform into the Sengoku daimyo, claiming supreme local authority in their respective territories.

Not only the Ashikaga, but their top vassals, and their retainers in turn, maintained homes in Kyoto at this time; it has been estimated that as many as 10,000 mounted warriors lived in the city in the 14th century (plus, some significant number of samurai retainers too low-ranking to own a horse).[1]

The Ashikaga were seriously weakened after the Ônin War (1467-77) and eventually eclipsed by Oda Nobunaga in 1573, who banished the last Ashikaga shôgun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, from Kyoto.

List of Ashikaga shoguns

Name Life Reign
1305-1358 1338-1358
1330-1367 1358-1367
1358-1408 1368-1394
1385-1428 1394-1423
1407-1429 1423-1425
1425-1428
1394-1441 1429-1441
1434-1443 1441-1443
1436-1490 1443-1474
1465-1489 1474-1489
1466-1523 1490-1493
1480-1511 1493-1508
1508-1521
1511-1550 1521-1546
1536-1565 1546-1565
1564-1568 1568
1537-1597 1568-1573

Notes & References

  • Albert M. Craig, The Heritage of Japanese Civilization, Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 41.
  1. ↑ Eiko Ikegami, Bonds of Civility, Cambridge University Press (2005), 106.
  2. ↑ Repeat reign
  3. ↑ Repeat reign
Preceded by:
Kemmu Restoration 		Ashikaga Shogunate
1336-1573 		Succeeded by:
Azuchi-Momoyama Period
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