Difference between revisions of "Ryukyu Shinto ki"
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*''Written: [[1605]], [[Taichu|Taichû]] (revised [[1607]])'' | *''Written: [[1605]], [[Taichu|Taichû]] (revised [[1607]])'' | ||
| + | *''Published: [[1648]]'' | ||
*''Japanese'': 琉球神道記 ''(Ryuukyuu shintou ki)'' | *''Japanese'': 琉球神道記 ''(Ryuukyuu shintou ki)'' | ||
| − | The ''Ryûkyû Shintô ki'' (lit. "Record of the Way of the Gods in Ryûkyû") is an account of religion in the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]], completed in [[1605]] by the Japanese monk [[Taichu|Taichû]]. Along with Taichû's ''[[Ryukyu orai|Ryûkyû ôrai]]'', also completed in 1605, it is one of the two first books in Japanese to describe Ryûkyû at length. | + | The ''Ryûkyû Shintô ki'' (lit. "Record of the Way of the Gods in Ryûkyû") is an account of religion in the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]], completed in [[1605]] by the Japanese monk [[Taichu|Taichû]]. Along with Taichû's ''[[Ryukyu orai|Ryûkyû ôrai]]'', also completed in 1605, it is one of the two first books in Japanese to describe Ryûkyû at length. Both were requested or commissioned by the [[scholar-aristocracy of Ryukyu|Ryukyuan scholar-official]] [[Ba Komei|Ba Kômei]]<!--馬高明-->. |
The text is divided into five chapters (''kan''), beginning with one on the four Buddhist realms. Chapter Two discusses India (''Tenjiku''), birthplace of [[Buddhism]], and Chapter Three traces the history of China (''Shittan'') by imperial reign, up through the [[Ming Dynasty]]. The fourth chapter describes the main objects of worship (''honzon'') of Ryûkyû's temples, identifying for each Ryukyuan manifestation (''suijaku'') the "true" deity (''honji'') being manifested.<ref>See ''[[honji suijaku]]''.</ref> The final chapter then discusses beliefs and worship in Ryûkyû, including summaries of the origin stories (''[[engi]]'') of Ryûkyû's [[Ryukyu Eight Shrines|major Shinto shrines]]. | The text is divided into five chapters (''kan''), beginning with one on the four Buddhist realms. Chapter Two discusses India (''Tenjiku''), birthplace of [[Buddhism]], and Chapter Three traces the history of China (''Shittan'') by imperial reign, up through the [[Ming Dynasty]]. The fourth chapter describes the main objects of worship (''honzon'') of Ryûkyû's temples, identifying for each Ryukyuan manifestation (''suijaku'') the "true" deity (''honji'') being manifested.<ref>See ''[[honji suijaku]]''.</ref> The final chapter then discusses beliefs and worship in Ryûkyû, including summaries of the origin stories (''[[engi]]'') of Ryûkyû's [[Ryukyu Eight Shrines|major Shinto shrines]]. | ||
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Though the nine shrines Taichû focuses on have strong connections to Japanese deities and their worship (i.e. [[Shinto]]), Taichû goes on to describe native [[Ryukyuan religion]] as well, touching upon the indigenous [[hearth deity|hearth spirits]] (''hi nu kan''), pestilence spirits, and so forth, as well as ''[[kagura]]'', [[torii]], [[Amaterasu]], and ''[[dosojin|dôsojin]]'' (street spirits) stemming from Japan, and the Chinese goddess [[Tenpi]]. | Though the nine shrines Taichû focuses on have strong connections to Japanese deities and their worship (i.e. [[Shinto]]), Taichû goes on to describe native [[Ryukyuan religion]] as well, touching upon the indigenous [[hearth deity|hearth spirits]] (''hi nu kan''), pestilence spirits, and so forth, as well as ''[[kagura]]'', [[torii]], [[Amaterasu]], and ''[[dosojin|dôsojin]]'' (street spirits) stemming from Japan, and the Chinese goddess [[Tenpi]]. | ||
| − | In the last sections of the book, Taichû touches upon a wide range of Ryukyuan customs and myths, from the origin of ''[[hachimaki]]'' (court caps), theories connecting Ryûkyû to the [[Dragon King|Dragon King's]] | + | In the last sections of the book, Taichû touches upon a wide range of Ryukyuan customs and myths, from the origin of ''[[hachimaki]]'' (court caps), theories connecting Ryûkyû to the [[Dragon King|Dragon King's]] underwater palace (''Ryûgû''), and ''[[habu]]'' (Ryukyuan vipers), to whaling and fishing, [[tattoos]], and how the servants of the mountain gods are called Tarô and Jirô. The ''Ryûkyû Shintô ki'' is also significantly the first text to indicate that the kings of Ryûkyû were descended from [[Minamoto no Tametomo]]; this myth would become widely accepted, and repeated in both Ryukyuan and Japanese writings as historical fact, down until the early 20th century. |
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| + | The ''Ryûkyû Shintô ki'' was first published in Japan in [[1648]],<ref>Gregory Smits, ''Maritime Ryukyu'', University of Hawaii Press (2019), 5.</ref> and was then republished in five volumes in the 1710s; it was later reprinted nine more times.<ref>Yokoyama, 57.</ref> | ||
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Latest revision as of 21:43, 5 October 2019
The Ryûkyû Shintô ki (lit. "Record of the Way of the Gods in Ryûkyû") is an account of religion in the Ryûkyû Kingdom, completed in 1605 by the Japanese monk Taichû. Along with Taichû's Ryûkyû ôrai, also completed in 1605, it is one of the two first books in Japanese to describe Ryûkyû at length. Both were requested or commissioned by the Ryukyuan scholar-official Ba Kômei.
The text is divided into five chapters (kan), beginning with one on the four Buddhist realms. Chapter Two discusses India (Tenjiku), birthplace of Buddhism, and Chapter Three traces the history of China (Shittan) by imperial reign, up through the Ming Dynasty. The fourth chapter describes the main objects of worship (honzon) of Ryûkyû's temples, identifying for each Ryukyuan manifestation (suijaku) the "true" deity (honji) being manifested.[1] The final chapter then discusses beliefs and worship in Ryûkyû, including summaries of the origin stories (engi) of Ryûkyû's major Shinto shrines.
Though the nine shrines Taichû focuses on have strong connections to Japanese deities and their worship (i.e. Shinto), Taichû goes on to describe native Ryukyuan religion as well, touching upon the indigenous hearth spirits (hi nu kan), pestilence spirits, and so forth, as well as kagura, torii, Amaterasu, and dôsojin (street spirits) stemming from Japan, and the Chinese goddess Tenpi.
In the last sections of the book, Taichû touches upon a wide range of Ryukyuan customs and myths, from the origin of hachimaki (court caps), theories connecting Ryûkyû to the Dragon King's underwater palace (Ryûgû), and habu (Ryukyuan vipers), to whaling and fishing, tattoos, and how the servants of the mountain gods are called Tarô and Jirô. The Ryûkyû Shintô ki is also significantly the first text to indicate that the kings of Ryûkyû were descended from Minamoto no Tametomo; this myth would become widely accepted, and repeated in both Ryukyuan and Japanese writings as historical fact, down until the early 20th century.
The Ryûkyû Shintô ki was first published in Japan in 1648,[2] and was then republished in five volumes in the 1710s; it was later reprinted nine more times.[3]
References
- Yokoyama Manabu 横山学, Ryûkyû koku shisetsu torai no kenkyû 琉球国使節渡来の研究, Tokyo: Yoshikawa kôbunkan (1987), 52-53.
- ↑ See honji suijaku.
- ↑ Gregory Smits, Maritime Ryukyu, University of Hawaii Press (2019), 5.
- ↑ Yokoyama, 57.