Difference between revisions of "Suona"
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[[File:Suona.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A Chinese ''suǒnà'' and ''hǎidí'' on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] | [[File:Suona.jpg|right|thumb|320px|A Chinese ''suǒnà'' and ''hǎidí'' on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art]] | ||
| − | *''Chinese/Japanese'': 嗩吶 ''(suǒnà / sonai)'' | + | *''Chinese/Japanese'': 嗩吶 ''(suǒnà / sonai)'', チャルメラ ''(charumera)'' |
| − | The ''suǒnà'', sometimes known as a shawm in English, is a Chinese double-reed oboe-like instrument derived from the Middle Eastern ''zurna''. Though not generally used in Japanese traditions, street processions performed by [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo]] included ''suǒnà'' alongside a number of gongs and drums. | + | The ''suǒnà'', sometimes known as a shawm in English, is a Chinese double-reed oboe-like instrument derived from the Middle Eastern ''zurna''. Though not generally used in Japanese traditions, [[rojigaku|street processions]] performed by [[Ryukyuan embassies to Edo]] included ''suǒnà'' alongside a number of gongs and drums; the sound of the ''suǒnà'' was considered a symbol of the king's authority, and as something which ornamented or added to his presence.<ref>Kaneshiro Atsumi 金城厚, “Ryūkyū no gaikō girei ni okeru gakki ensō no imi” 「琉球の外交儀礼における楽器演奏の意味」, Musa ムーサ 14 (2013), 59.</ref> The ''suǒnà'' was also used in Ryukyuan ''[[uzagaku]]'' (chamber music) performances, both within the Ryukyuan royal court, and by members of the embassies performing in [[Shimazu clan]] [[daimyo yashiki|mansions]] or [[Edo castle|the shogun's castle]] in [[Edo]]. |
| − | The ''suǒnà'' was first introduced into China in the early 16th century, and comes in a variety of sizes, with smaller ones being called ''hǎidí'' (海笛). It is played using circular breathing to maintain a constant tone. The ''suǒnà'' was primarily used in military contexts in China, traditionally, but is today played either solo or in ensembles. | + | An 18th century Ryukyuan ''suona'' surviving in [[Owari Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] collections is made primarily of brass and [[lacquer]]ed wood. Seven finger holes on one side of the instrument, and one on the reverse side, are coated on the inside with [[gold leaf]]. One more hole allows a tassel to be attached, for decorative purposes, and does not affect the sound of the instrument.<ref>''Okinawa bijutsu zenshû'' 5, 342.</ref> |
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| + | Where the instrument ''does'' appear in Japanese contexts, it is often called the ''charumera'', from the Portuguese ''charamela'', which in turn derived from the French term ''chalumeau''.<ref>Higa Etsuko, Robin Thompson (trans.), ''Uzagaku: The Vanished Tradition of Ryukyuan Court Music'', CD liner notes, Uzagaku fukugen ensô kenkyûkai (2007), 18.</ref> | ||
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| + | The ''suǒnà'' was first introduced into China in the early 16th century, and comes in a variety of sizes, with smaller ones being called ''hǎidí'' (海笛, lit. "ocean flute"). It is played using circular breathing to maintain a constant tone. The ''suǒnà'' was primarily used in military contexts in China, traditionally, but is today played either solo or in ensembles. | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
*Gallery labels, Musical Instruments gallery, Metropolitan Museum of Art. | *Gallery labels, Musical Instruments gallery, Metropolitan Museum of Art. | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Art and Architecture]] | [[Category:Art and Architecture]] | ||
[[Category:Poetry and Theater]] | [[Category:Poetry and Theater]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:05, 8 February 2018
- Chinese/Japanese: 嗩吶 (suǒnà / sonai), チャルメラ (charumera)
The suǒnà, sometimes known as a shawm in English, is a Chinese double-reed oboe-like instrument derived from the Middle Eastern zurna. Though not generally used in Japanese traditions, street processions performed by Ryukyuan embassies to Edo included suǒnà alongside a number of gongs and drums; the sound of the suǒnà was considered a symbol of the king's authority, and as something which ornamented or added to his presence.[1] The suǒnà was also used in Ryukyuan uzagaku (chamber music) performances, both within the Ryukyuan royal court, and by members of the embassies performing in Shimazu clan mansions or the shogun's castle in Edo.
An 18th century Ryukyuan suona surviving in Tokugawa collections is made primarily of brass and lacquered wood. Seven finger holes on one side of the instrument, and one on the reverse side, are coated on the inside with gold leaf. One more hole allows a tassel to be attached, for decorative purposes, and does not affect the sound of the instrument.[2]
Where the instrument does appear in Japanese contexts, it is often called the charumera, from the Portuguese charamela, which in turn derived from the French term chalumeau.[3]
The suǒnà was first introduced into China in the early 16th century, and comes in a variety of sizes, with smaller ones being called hǎidí (海笛, lit. "ocean flute"). It is played using circular breathing to maintain a constant tone. The suǒnà was primarily used in military contexts in China, traditionally, but is today played either solo or in ensembles.
References
- Gallery labels, Musical Instruments gallery, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ↑ Kaneshiro Atsumi 金城厚, “Ryūkyū no gaikō girei ni okeru gakki ensō no imi” 「琉球の外交儀礼における楽器演奏の意味」, Musa ムーサ 14 (2013), 59.
- ↑ Okinawa bijutsu zenshû 5, 342.
- ↑ Higa Etsuko, Robin Thompson (trans.), Uzagaku: The Vanished Tradition of Ryukyuan Court Music, CD liner notes, Uzagaku fukugen ensô kenkyûkai (2007), 18.
