Difference between revisions of "Bridge of Nations Bell"
(image) |
|||
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | The bell was cast in 1458, during the reign of King [[Sho Taikyu|Shô Taikyû]], and hung at the Seiden (main hall) of [[Shuri Castle]]. | + | The bell was cast in 1458, during the reign of King [[Sho Taikyu|Shô Taikyû]], and hung at the Seiden (main hall) of [[Shuri Castle]]. It was made in Japan by a caster named Fujiwara Kuniyoshi.<ref>Gallery labels, Okinawa fukki 50 nen kinen tokubetsu ten Ryukyu 沖縄復帰50年記念 特別展「琉球」exhibit, Tokyo National Museum, 2022.</ref> |
The bell is 154.9 cm high, with an opening 93.1 cm in diameter, and weighs 721 kilograms<ref name=uruma>''Bankoku shinryō no kane''. ''[http://word.uruma.jp/word/%CB%FC%B9%F1%C4%C5%CE%C2%A4%CE%BE%E2 Okinawa Daihyakka]'' (沖縄大百科). Urumax. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>. | The bell is 154.9 cm high, with an opening 93.1 cm in diameter, and weighs 721 kilograms<ref name=uruma>''Bankoku shinryō no kane''. ''[http://word.uruma.jp/word/%CB%FC%B9%F1%C4%C5%CE%C2%A4%CE%BE%E2 Okinawa Daihyakka]'' (沖縄大百科). Urumax. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>. | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
Blackened and damaged by Allied bombs and guns in during the 1945 battle of Okinawa, the bell miraculously survived largely intact. It is, however, no longer rung<ref name=chanpuru>Kadekawa, Manabu (ed.). ''Okinawa Chanpurū Jiten'' (沖縄チャンプルー事典, "Okinawa Champloo Encyclopedia"). Tokyo: Yamakei Publishers. p199.</ref>. | Blackened and damaged by Allied bombs and guns in during the 1945 battle of Okinawa, the bell miraculously survived largely intact. It is, however, no longer rung<ref name=chanpuru>Kadekawa, Manabu (ed.). ''Okinawa Chanpurū Jiten'' (沖縄チャンプルー事典, "Okinawa Champloo Encyclopedia"). Tokyo: Yamakei Publishers. p199.</ref>. | ||
| − | Nationally designated as an Important Cultural Property in 1978<ref name=uruma/>, the bell is today in the collection of the Okinawa Prefectural Museum; a full-size replica hangs at the castle site<ref name=bankokushimpo>"Bankoku Shiryō no kane." ''Okinawa konpakuto jiten'' (沖縄コンパクト事典, "Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia"). [http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-42703-storytopic-121.html Ryukyu Shimpo] (琉球新報). 1 March 2003. Accessed 14 April 2009.</ref>. It remains unclear, however, just where in or around the Seiden it was originally hung<ref name=chanpuru/>. The replica bell currently hangs outside the second bailey or courtyard (Okinawan: ''shicha nu una''), in a structure called the Tomoya, which has been reconstructed based on historical plans, maps, and images, but the original purpose of which is unknown<ref>"Roukokumon Gate." [http://www.oki-park.jp/shurijo_park/syuri_e/frame2.html Shurijo Castle Park Official Site]. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>. | + | Nationally designated as an [[Important Cultural Property]] in 1978<ref name=uruma/>, the bell is today in the collection of the Okinawa Prefectural Museum; a full-size replica hangs at the castle site<ref name=bankokushimpo>"Bankoku Shiryō no kane." ''Okinawa konpakuto jiten'' (沖縄コンパクト事典, "Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia"). [http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-42703-storytopic-121.html Ryukyu Shimpo] (琉球新報). 1 March 2003. Accessed 14 April 2009.</ref>. It remains unclear, however, just where in or around the Seiden it was originally hung<ref name=chanpuru/>. The replica bell currently hangs outside the second bailey or courtyard (Okinawan: ''shicha nu una''), in a structure called the Tomoya, which has been reconstructed based on historical plans, maps, and images, but the original purpose of which is unknown<ref>"Roukokumon Gate." [http://www.oki-park.jp/shurijo_park/syuri_e/frame2.html Shurijo Castle Park Official Site]. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>. |
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
The bell is quite commonly referred to as the "Bridge of Nations Bell" in English<ref>"Shuri Castle - Bridge of Nations Bell." [http://www.hdrjapan.com/hdr-japan-shopping/okinawa-shuri-castle-/shuri-castle-%11-bridge-of-nations-bell/ HDR Japan]. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref><ref>"The Ryukyuan Spirit of Hospitality." [http://www.ocvb.or.jp/card/en/0000000914.html Okinawa Tourist Information: Mahae Plus]. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref><ref>"The History of the Ryukyus." [http://oki-park.jp/shurijo_park/syuri_e/c/c100000.html Shurijo Castle Park Official Site]. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>. This term is derived from a translation of the term typically used in Japanese to refer to the bell: 万国津梁の鐘 (''Bankoku shinryô no kane''). ''Bankoku'', lit. "10,000 nations," really refers to "all the nations" or "the great many nations." ''Shinryô'' literally translates to "a beam across the port/harbor"; thus, "a bridge." Finally, ''kane'' refers to a bell of this type and style. | The bell is quite commonly referred to as the "Bridge of Nations Bell" in English<ref>"Shuri Castle - Bridge of Nations Bell." [http://www.hdrjapan.com/hdr-japan-shopping/okinawa-shuri-castle-/shuri-castle-%11-bridge-of-nations-bell/ HDR Japan]. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref><ref>"The Ryukyuan Spirit of Hospitality." [http://www.ocvb.or.jp/card/en/0000000914.html Okinawa Tourist Information: Mahae Plus]. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref><ref>"The History of the Ryukyus." [http://oki-park.jp/shurijo_park/syuri_e/c/c100000.html Shurijo Castle Park Official Site]. Accessed 5 September 2009.</ref>. This term is derived from a translation of the term typically used in Japanese to refer to the bell: 万国津梁の鐘 (''Bankoku shinryô no kane''). ''Bankoku'', lit. "10,000 nations," really refers to "all the nations" or "the great many nations." ''Shinryô'' literally translates to "a beam across the port/harbor"; thus, "a bridge." Finally, ''kane'' refers to a bell of this type and style. | ||
| − | This Japanese name for the bell, in turn, derives from the inscription upon it, | + | This Japanese name for the bell, in turn, derives from the inscription upon it. Commissioned from the Japanese monk [[Keiin]] (渓隠) by King Shô Taikyû, the inscription describes Ryûkyû's prominence in the 14th-16th centuries in maritime trade in the [[Nanyo|South Seas]] and prosperous trade relations with China, Korea, Japan, and the various states of Southeast Asia<ref name=bankokushimpo/>. |
While it is most commonly known as ''Bankoku shinryô no kane'' in Japanese, the official name of the bell is ''Kyû-Shuri-jô Seiden no Kane'' (旧首里城正殿鐘, lit. "Former Bell of the Shuri Castle Seiden")<ref name=uruma/>. | While it is most commonly known as ''Bankoku shinryô no kane'' in Japanese, the official name of the bell is ''Kyû-Shuri-jô Seiden no Kane'' (旧首里城正殿鐘, lit. "Former Bell of the Shuri Castle Seiden")<ref name=uruma/>. | ||
==Inscription== | ==Inscription== | ||
| + | [[File:Bankoku-rubbing.jpg|right|thumb|400px|A rubbing of a section of the bell's inscription]] | ||
A summarized translation of the inscription might be given as follows: | A summarized translation of the inscription might be given as follows: | ||
| Line 29: | Line 30: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| + | *Mark McNally, "A King's Legitimacy and a Kingdom's Exceptionality: Ryûkyû's Bankoku Shinryô no Kane of 1458," ''International Journal of Okinawan Studies'' 6 (2015), 87-103. | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Latest revision as of 08:03, 14 June 2022
- Cast: 1458
- Japanese: 万国津梁の鐘 (Bankoku shinryou no kane)
The "Bridge of Nations" Bell, or Bankoku shinryô no kane, is a famous bronze bell associated with the Kingdom of Ryûkyû.
History
The bell was cast in 1458, during the reign of King Shô Taikyû, and hung at the Seiden (main hall) of Shuri Castle. It was made in Japan by a caster named Fujiwara Kuniyoshi.[1]
The bell is 154.9 cm high, with an opening 93.1 cm in diameter, and weighs 721 kilograms[2].
Blackened and damaged by Allied bombs and guns in during the 1945 battle of Okinawa, the bell miraculously survived largely intact. It is, however, no longer rung[3].
Nationally designated as an Important Cultural Property in 1978[2], the bell is today in the collection of the Okinawa Prefectural Museum; a full-size replica hangs at the castle site[4]. It remains unclear, however, just where in or around the Seiden it was originally hung[3]. The replica bell currently hangs outside the second bailey or courtyard (Okinawan: shicha nu una), in a structure called the Tomoya, which has been reconstructed based on historical plans, maps, and images, but the original purpose of which is unknown[5].
Name
The bell is quite commonly referred to as the "Bridge of Nations Bell" in English[6][7][8]. This term is derived from a translation of the term typically used in Japanese to refer to the bell: 万国津梁の鐘 (Bankoku shinryô no kane). Bankoku, lit. "10,000 nations," really refers to "all the nations" or "the great many nations." Shinryô literally translates to "a beam across the port/harbor"; thus, "a bridge." Finally, kane refers to a bell of this type and style.
This Japanese name for the bell, in turn, derives from the inscription upon it. Commissioned from the Japanese monk Keiin (渓隠) by King Shô Taikyû, the inscription describes Ryûkyû's prominence in the 14th-16th centuries in maritime trade in the South Seas and prosperous trade relations with China, Korea, Japan, and the various states of Southeast Asia[4].
While it is most commonly known as Bankoku shinryô no kane in Japanese, the official name of the bell is Kyû-Shuri-jô Seiden no Kane (旧首里城正殿鐘, lit. "Former Bell of the Shuri Castle Seiden")[2].
Inscription
A summarized translation of the inscription might be given as follows:
The Kingdom of Ryûkyû is a splendid place in the South Seas, with close intimate relations with the Three Nations of China, Korea, and Japan, between which it is located, and which express much admiration for these islands. Journeying to various countries by ship, the Kingdom forms a bridge between all the nations, filling its land with the precious goods and products of foreign lands; in addition, the hearts of its people emulate the virtuous civilization of Japan and China[9].
References
- Mark McNally, "A King's Legitimacy and a Kingdom's Exceptionality: Ryûkyû's Bankoku Shinryô no Kane of 1458," International Journal of Okinawan Studies 6 (2015), 87-103.
- ↑ Gallery labels, Okinawa fukki 50 nen kinen tokubetsu ten Ryukyu 沖縄復帰50年記念 特別展「琉球」exhibit, Tokyo National Museum, 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bankoku shinryō no kane. Okinawa Daihyakka (沖縄大百科). Urumax. Accessed 5 September 2009.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kadekawa, Manabu (ed.). Okinawa Chanpurū Jiten (沖縄チャンプルー事典, "Okinawa Champloo Encyclopedia"). Tokyo: Yamakei Publishers. p199.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Bankoku Shiryō no kane." Okinawa konpakuto jiten (沖縄コンパクト事典, "Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia"). Ryukyu Shimpo (琉球新報). 1 March 2003. Accessed 14 April 2009.
- ↑ "Roukokumon Gate." Shurijo Castle Park Official Site. Accessed 5 September 2009.
- ↑ "Shuri Castle - Bridge of Nations Bell." HDR Japan. Accessed 5 September 2009.
- ↑ "The Ryukyuan Spirit of Hospitality." Okinawa Tourist Information: Mahae Plus. Accessed 5 September 2009.
- ↑ "The History of the Ryukyus." Shurijo Castle Park Official Site. Accessed 5 September 2009.
- ↑ Translation based on Japanese summary given at Governor's Room; Okinawa Prefecture Official Site. Accessed 5 September 2009.
External links
- The full text of the bell's inscription, in the original kanbun and having been converted to Japanese (kakikudashibun) can be found at: Governor's Room; Okinawa Prefecture Official Site. Accessed 5 September 2009.
