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Hijikata Toshizo (view source)

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* ''Born: [[1835]]''
 
* ''Born: [[1835]]''
 
* ''Died: [[1869]]''
 
* ''Died: [[1869]]''
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* ''Titles:Shinsengumi vice commander, Ezo Army Bugyo
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* ''Ranks:Shinsengumi vice commander, Ezo Army Bugyo Nami
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* Japanese:土方歳三''(Hijikata Toshizo)''
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* ''Other name: Naitô Hayato''
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* Japanese:土方歳三義豊''(Hijikata Toshizo Yoshitoyo)''
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[[Image:Hijikata.jpg|right|thumb|Hijikata Toshizo statue in Hino]]
    
==Shieikan==
 
==Shieikan==
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Hijikata Toshizo was born in a wealthy farmer family in Tama district, [[Musashi province|Musashi]].
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He practiced [[Kenjutsu]] in many dojo while he was working as a medicine peddler.
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One day, Hijikata met [[Kondo Isami]] at [[Sato Hikogoro]]'s dojo and he became a pupil of [[Tennen Rishin Ryu]] in [[1851]] and was officially enrolled at the school in [[1859]].
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His skill of the [[ryu-ha]] was just [[Mokuroku]], however his name
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was listed on [[Bujutsu Eimei Roku]] which means he was known as
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a swordmaster in those days.
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In [[1863]], Hijikata and other [[Shieikan]] members joined [[Roshigumi]].
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==Shinsengumi==
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Kondo Isami and Hijikata Toshizo ruled the [[Shinsengumi]] completely after eliminating [[Serizawa Kamo]]'s Mito group.
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==Shinsengumi==
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''Kyokuchu Hatto''(The Shinsengumi Regulations) is believed to be Hijikata's idea.
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Many of Shinsengumi members lost their lives because of the strict regulations.
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During the [[Ikedaya Affair]], Hijikata's troop arrived at Ikedaya later than Kondo's troop.
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Hijikata first secured around Ikedaya to not let Aizu and Kuwana han samurai in.
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As the result, the Shinsengumi received all the fame and prizes.
    
==Boshin war==
 
==Boshin war==
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Hijikata commanded the Shinsengumi at the [[Battle of Toba-Fushimi]] and the [[Battle of Yodo-Senryomatsu]](1868 January) instead of Kondo Isami, who was wounded at that time.
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The Shinsengumi lost many members in those battles.
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Then Hijikata realized "The age of swords is over."
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When Kondo was captured at [[Nagareyama]], Hijikata went back to Edo, already occupied by the imperial army, to appeal to [[Katsu Kaishu]] for Kondo's life.
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Hijikata then headed to Utsunomiya with several Shinsengumi members ([[Saito Hajime]] took most of the members to Aizu) , to join the [[Bakufu]] troops.
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He injured his foot in April and was sent to Aizu. However he was unable to
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come back to the front line until August.
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Kondo's grave in Aizu was built during the time.
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[[Image:Hijikata2.jpg|right|thumb|Hijikata Toshizo]]
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==Hakodate==
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Hijikata and Bakufu troops occupied [[Goryokaku|Goryôkaku]] in October and [[Matsumae castle]] in November.
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They announced the new "Republic of Ezo" ([[Enomoto Takeaki]] as the president) and Hijikata was appointed to be the ''[[Ezo]] Army [[Bugyo]] Nami''.
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[[1869]] March, they attacked [[Battle of Miyako bay|Miyako bay]] to take over the battleship ''[[Kotetsu|Kôtetsu]]'', but failed.
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In April, the Imperial troops started landing on Ezo.
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Hijikata was guarding Futamataguchi, but had to
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return Goryôkaku because the Imperial army was getting close to Goryôkaku.
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1869/5/11, Hijikata took a small unit to save the Shinsengumi in ''Benten battery'' where they were surrounded by the the Imperial army.
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Hijikata was shot at Ippongi.
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His body is believed to be buried in [[Hekketsuhi]] or Ganjo-ji.
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Two months after his death, his page [[Ichimura Tetsunosuke]] visited Sato Hikogoro's house and handed Hijikata's photograph, hair and death poem.
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Hijikata's grave sites are
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*Sekiden-ji (Hino city.Tokyo)
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*Shomyo-ji (Hakodate city, Hokkaido)
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*Itabashi, Tokyo
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==Hijikata Toshizo's Swords==
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* ''[[Kanesada|Izuminokami Kanesada]]'' 和泉守兼定
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* ''[[Kunihiro|Horikawa Kunihiro]]'' 堀川国広
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==Hijikata in Fiction==
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===Film===
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*''Moeyo Ken'' (燃えよ剣) 1966 (Director: Ichimura Taiichi)
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===Television===
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*''Shinsengumi Keppuroku'' (新選組血風録) NET 1965-66
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*''Moeyo Ken'' (燃えよ剣) NET 1970
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*''Shinsengumi Keppuroku'' (新選組血風録) ANB 1999
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*''Shinsengumi! Hijikata Toshizo Saigo no 1nichi'' (新選組!! 土方歳三最期の一日) NHK 2006
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===Books===
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*''Shinsengumi Keppuroku'' (新選組血風録) Shiba Ryotaro
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*''Moeyo Ken'' (燃えよ剣) Shiba Ryotaro
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*''Wachigai-ya Itosato'' (輪違屋糸里) Asada Jiro
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*''Hijikata Toshizo Sange'' (土方歳三散華) Hirose Niki
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*''Baragaki'' (バラガキ) Nakaba Toshikazu
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*''Toshizo Ikite Mata'' (歳三往きてまた) Akiyama Kano
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*''Toshizo kara no dengon'' (歳三からの伝言) Kitahara Aiko
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*''Hijikata Toshizo'' (土方歳三) Gaku Shinya
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*''Hijikata Toshizo Ruten no ken'' (土方歳三流転の剣) Kimura Shinichi
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*''Ibun Hijikata Toshizo no Saigo'' (異聞 土方歳三の最期 ) Nakamura Chuji
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* ''Kokuryu no Hitsugi'' (黒龍の柩) Kitakata Kenzo
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==Research Books==
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*''Shinsengumi Kumicho Retsuden'' (新選組組長列伝) Shinjinbutsu Oraisha
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* ''Hijikata Toshizo no Subete'' (土方歳三のすべて ) Shinjinbutsu Oraisha
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* ''Shinsengumi Meimeiden'' (新選組銘々伝) Shinjinbutsu Oraisha
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* ''Shison ga kataru Hijikata Toshizo'' (子孫が語る土方歳三) Hijikata Megumi
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* ''Haiyu no hito Hijikata Toshizo'' (俳遊の人・土方歳三) Kan Soji
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* ''Chronicle Hijikata Toshizo no 35nen'' (クロニクル土方歳三の35年) Kikuchi Akira
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* ''Hijikata Toshizo'' (土方歳三) Kawaide Shobo Shinsha
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* ''Hijikata Toshizo'' (土方歳三) Shinjinbutsu Oraisha
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==References==
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*''Hijikata Toshizo'' (土方歳三) Kawaide shobo Shinsha
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* ''[[Shinsengumi Zentaishi Tettei Guide]]'' (新選組全隊士徹底ガイド) Maeda Masaki
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*''Shinsengumi Taishi Den'' (新選組隊士伝) Gakken
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*''[[Kaiteishinban Shinsengumi]]'' (改訂新版 新選組) Sekai Bunkasha
    
[[Category:Samurai]]
 
[[Category:Samurai]]
 
[[Category:Bakumatsu]]
 
[[Category:Bakumatsu]]
 
[[Category:Edo Period]]
 
[[Category:Edo Period]]
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[[Category:Shinsengumi]]
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[[Category:Shinsengumi Members]]
 
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LordAmeth
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