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Jump to navigationJump to searchCreated page with "*''Japanese'': 長崎 ''(Nagasaki)'' Nagasaki is a port city in Kyushu, the capital of Nagasaki prefecture. It is perhaps most famous today for the atomic bombing of ..."
*''Japanese'': 長崎 ''(Nagasaki)''
Nagasaki is a port city in [[Kyushu]], the capital of [[Nagasaki prefecture]]. It is perhaps most famous today for the atomic bombing of the city on August 9, 1945, but was in the [[Edo period]] one of the most major ports in the archipelago for international trade, home to communities of [[Chinese in Nagasaki|Chinese]] and [[VOC|Dutch]] merchants.
The city was established as a trading post c. 1570-1572, and quickly became a major port for Portuguese and Spanish trade. Converted [[Christianity|Christian]] warlord [[Omura Sumitada|Ômura Sumitada]] ceded the port town to the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits) in [[1580]], including judicial authority within the town. They quickly established a church and ''seminario'' (a Jesuit school for Japanese youths), which included within it a painting academy. The Christian community in Nagasaki enjoyed some considerable early successes, but soon came under persecution; in a particularly (in)famous incident in [[1597]], [[Twenty-six Martyrs of Nagasaki|26 Christians]] in the city, a combination of Europeans and Japanese converts, were executed at the orders of [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]]. The [[Tokugawa shogunate]] issued its first bans on Christianity in [[1606]], shutting down Jesuit operations in Nagasaki and expelling them from the country in [[1614]]. European ships were restricted to Nagasaki and the nearby port of [[Hirado]] in [[1616]]. The Spanish were then expelled fully from the country in [[1624]], and Japanese were forbidden from returning from overseas in [[1630]].
In the course of a series of these [[maritime prohibitions]] (''kaikin'') put into in the 1630s, the Spanish and Portuguese were banned from the country, and the Dutch were restricted to the tiny artificial island of [[Dejima]], in Nagasaki harbor. Chinese merchants, originally free to move about the city (and the country), and to intermingle with the Japanese, were restricted after [[1689]] to the Chinese neighborhood of Nagasaki, known as the ''[[Tojin yashiki|Tôjin yashiki]]'' ("Chinese mansions"). Pigs were raised in a certain area just outside of the city, serving chiefly these two foreign communities. Nagasaki was the only place in Edo period Japan where meat was commonly eaten, with the exceptions in other parts of the archipelago of the consumption of fowl, game animals such as bear, boar, and deer, consumption of meat for medical purposes, and of course the eating of fish.<ref>Herbert Plutschow, ''A Reader in Edo Period Travel'', Kent: Global Oriental (2006), 47.</ref>
Along with [[Osaka]], [[Kyoto]], and a handful of other cities, Nagasaki was controlled directly by the shogunate, and was not included within any ''[[daimyo|daimyô]]'' domain; defense of the port was the responsibility, however, of the ''daimyô'' of several neighboring domains, as part of their corvée obligations to the shogun. A samurai official known as the ''[[Nagasaki bugyo|Nagasaki bugyô]]'' (Nagasaki Magistrate) was the chief shogunal authority in the city, overseeing both matters within the city, and matters of trade at the port. For several decades in the 17th century, the ''bugyô'' was assisted by the ''[[Nagasaki tandai shoku]]'', who was responsible for the defense of the port.
Many Kyushu [[han|domains]], including [[Tsushima han|Tsushima]] and [[Satsuma han|Satsuma]], maintained domain offices in the city.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 28.</ref>
{{stub}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Edo Period]]
Nagasaki is a port city in [[Kyushu]], the capital of [[Nagasaki prefecture]]. It is perhaps most famous today for the atomic bombing of the city on August 9, 1945, but was in the [[Edo period]] one of the most major ports in the archipelago for international trade, home to communities of [[Chinese in Nagasaki|Chinese]] and [[VOC|Dutch]] merchants.
The city was established as a trading post c. 1570-1572, and quickly became a major port for Portuguese and Spanish trade. Converted [[Christianity|Christian]] warlord [[Omura Sumitada|Ômura Sumitada]] ceded the port town to the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits) in [[1580]], including judicial authority within the town. They quickly established a church and ''seminario'' (a Jesuit school for Japanese youths), which included within it a painting academy. The Christian community in Nagasaki enjoyed some considerable early successes, but soon came under persecution; in a particularly (in)famous incident in [[1597]], [[Twenty-six Martyrs of Nagasaki|26 Christians]] in the city, a combination of Europeans and Japanese converts, were executed at the orders of [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]]. The [[Tokugawa shogunate]] issued its first bans on Christianity in [[1606]], shutting down Jesuit operations in Nagasaki and expelling them from the country in [[1614]]. European ships were restricted to Nagasaki and the nearby port of [[Hirado]] in [[1616]]. The Spanish were then expelled fully from the country in [[1624]], and Japanese were forbidden from returning from overseas in [[1630]].
In the course of a series of these [[maritime prohibitions]] (''kaikin'') put into in the 1630s, the Spanish and Portuguese were banned from the country, and the Dutch were restricted to the tiny artificial island of [[Dejima]], in Nagasaki harbor. Chinese merchants, originally free to move about the city (and the country), and to intermingle with the Japanese, were restricted after [[1689]] to the Chinese neighborhood of Nagasaki, known as the ''[[Tojin yashiki|Tôjin yashiki]]'' ("Chinese mansions"). Pigs were raised in a certain area just outside of the city, serving chiefly these two foreign communities. Nagasaki was the only place in Edo period Japan where meat was commonly eaten, with the exceptions in other parts of the archipelago of the consumption of fowl, game animals such as bear, boar, and deer, consumption of meat for medical purposes, and of course the eating of fish.<ref>Herbert Plutschow, ''A Reader in Edo Period Travel'', Kent: Global Oriental (2006), 47.</ref>
Along with [[Osaka]], [[Kyoto]], and a handful of other cities, Nagasaki was controlled directly by the shogunate, and was not included within any ''[[daimyo|daimyô]]'' domain; defense of the port was the responsibility, however, of the ''daimyô'' of several neighboring domains, as part of their corvée obligations to the shogun. A samurai official known as the ''[[Nagasaki bugyo|Nagasaki bugyô]]'' (Nagasaki Magistrate) was the chief shogunal authority in the city, overseeing both matters within the city, and matters of trade at the port. For several decades in the 17th century, the ''bugyô'' was assisted by the ''[[Nagasaki tandai shoku]]'', who was responsible for the defense of the port.
Many Kyushu [[han|domains]], including [[Tsushima han|Tsushima]] and [[Satsuma han|Satsuma]], maintained domain offices in the city.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 28.</ref>
{{stub}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Edo Period]]
