Changes

*1605 - [[Samyeongdang]] and [[Son Munik]], the first Korean envoys to Japan since the [[Korean Invasions|invasions of Korea]] of the 1590s, meet with [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] and [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Hidetada]] at [[Fushimi castle]], having traveled to Kyoto with [[So Yoshitoshi|Sô Yoshitoshi]], lord of [[Tsushima han]], despite the Korean Court having likely only expected the envoys to go as far as Tsushima. They meet as well with [[Honda Masanobu]] and [[Saisho Shotai|Saishô Shôtai]], while staying at the temple of [[Honpo-ji|Honpô-ji]] in Kyoto. This is not counted among the twelve official missions of the Edo period, but represents the beginning of rapprochement. Among other terms of negotiations, 3000 Korean prisoners of war are returned to Korea.

*1605 - [[Samyeongdang]] and [[Son Munik]], the first Korean envoys to Japan since the [[Korean Invasions|invasions of Korea]] of the 1590s, meet with [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] and [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Hidetada]] at [[Fushimi castle]], having traveled to Kyoto with [[So Yoshitoshi|Sô Yoshitoshi]], lord of [[Tsushima han]], despite the Korean Court having likely only expected the envoys to go as far as Tsushima. They meet as well with [[Honda Masanobu]] and [[Saisho Shotai|Saishô Shôtai]], while staying at the temple of [[Honpo-ji|Honpô-ji]] in Kyoto. This is not counted among the twelve official missions of the Edo period, but represents the beginning of rapprochement. Among other terms of negotiations, 3000 Korean prisoners of war are returned to Korea.

*1606 - A Japanese mission from Tsushima led by [[Tachibana Tomomasa]]<!--橘智正--> returns from Korea with Korean requests for a formal letter direct from Tokugawa Ieyasu, and for Japan to turn over warriors who had violated Korean graves during the invasions. Without informing the Tokugawa shogunate, Tsushima produces a forged letter from Ieyasu, and turns over some number of local Tsushima criminals and prisoners.<ref>''Chôsen tsûshinshi to Okayama'', 54.</ref>

*1606 - A Japanese mission from Tsushima led by [[Tachibana Tomomasa]]<!--橘智正--> returns from Korea with Korean requests for a formal letter direct from Tokugawa Ieyasu, and for Japan to turn over warriors who had violated Korean graves during the invasions. Without informing the Tokugawa shogunate, Tsushima produces a forged letter from Ieyasu, and turns over some number of local Tsushima criminals and prisoners.<ref>''Chôsen tsûshinshi to Okayama'', 54.</ref>

*1607 - A mission is led by Ryeo Ugil (aka Chiwon <!--呂祐吉、号：癡湲-->, with Vice Envoy Gyeong-seom (aka Chil-song)<!--慶暹、号：七松-->, and Secretary (''[[jongsagwan]]''<!--従事官-->) Jeong Ho-sil (aka Il-chwi)<!--丁好實、号：一翠-->.<ref>''Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 92.</ref> Many members of the mission are former samurai who, after surrendering to Korean forces during Hideyoshi's invasions, were permitted to take Korean names and to assimilate into Korean society, becoming either court officials of some sort, or soldiers (warriors) in service to the court. The mission meets with Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada in Edo, and then on the return journey meets with Tokugawa Ieyasu at [[Sunpu]].<ref>Tomiyama Kazuyuki, ''Ryûkyû ôkoku no gaikô to ôken'', Yoshikawa kôbunkan (2004), 118.</ref> That the Koreans received audience with Hidetada first, and Ieyasu only second, served to demonstrate the power and legitimacy of the shogunate, as an institution, beyond the personal power of Ieyasu.<ref name=nakai177>Kate Wildman Nakai, ''Shogunal Politics'', Harvard University Press (1988), 177.</ref>

*1607 - A mission consisting of 504 men is led by Ryeo Ugil (aka Chiwon <!--呂祐吉、号：癡湲-->, with Vice Envoy Gyeong-seom (aka Chil-song)<!--慶暹、号：七松-->, and Secretary (''[[jongsagwan]]''<!--従事官-->) Jeong Ho-sil (aka Il-chwi)<!--丁好實、号：一翠-->.<ref>''Shirarezaru Ryûkyû shisetsu'' 知られざる琉球使節, Fukuyama-shi Tomonoura rekishi minzoku shiryôkan (2006), 92.</ref> Many members of the mission are former samurai who, after surrendering to Korean forces during Hideyoshi's invasions, were permitted to take Korean names and to assimilate into Korean society, becoming either court officials of some sort, or soldiers (warriors) in service to the court. The mission meets with Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada in Edo, and then on the return journey meets with Tokugawa Ieyasu at [[Sunpu]].<ref>Tomiyama Kazuyuki, ''Ryûkyû ôkoku no gaikô to ôken'', Yoshikawa kôbunkan (2004), 118.</ref> That the Koreans received audience with Hidetada first, and Ieyasu only second, served to demonstrate the power and legitimacy of the shogunate, as an institution, beyond the personal power of Ieyasu.<ref name=nakai177>Kate Wildman Nakai, ''Shogunal Politics'', Harvard University Press (1988), 177.</ref>

*1617 - A Korean mission meets with Tokugawa Hidetada in Kyoto. [[Hayashi Razan]] is among those invited to attend the reception. For the mission to meet with the shogun in Kyoto, with members of the court as witness (to the processions, at least, if not the audiences) is a further move by the shogunate to enhance its own legitimacy.<ref name=nakai177/>

*1617 - A Korean mission led by [[O Yun-gyeom]] 呉允謙 and consisting of 428 people meets with Tokugawa Hidetada in Kyoto. [[Hayashi Razan]] is among those invited to attend the reception. For the mission to meet with the shogun in Kyoto, with members of the court as witness (to the processions, at least, if not the audiences) is a further move by the shogunate to enhance its own legitimacy.<ref name=nakai177/>

*1624 - A mission travels to Edo. Led by [[Chong Ip|Chŏng Ip]], it is the smallest of the missions, involving only 300 members.<ref>Toby, "Carnival of the Aliens," 424.</ref> It returns to Korea with some 5000-7000 Korean repatriates.<ref name=taichoro1/>

*1624 - A mission travels to Edo. Led by [[Chong Ip|Chŏng Ip]], it consists of 460 members. The embassy returns to Korea with some 5000-7000 Korean repatriates.<ref name=taichoro1/> The third and final "response and repatriation" mission, it also serves to congratulate [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]] on becoming shogun.<ref>Gallery labels, Taichôrô, Fukuzen-ji.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/36862209642/sizes/k/]</ref>

*1636 - The first formal ''tongsinsa'' (''tsûshinshi'') is dispatched. It is led by [[Im Kwang]], and travels to Edo and to [[Nikko Toshogu|Nikkô Tôshôgû]]. Among the terms discussed is the frequency of ''munwigwam'' missions to [[Tsushima han|Tsushima]].

*1636 - The first formal ''tongsinsa'' (''tsûshinshi'') is dispatched. It is led by [[Im Kwang]], and travels to Edo and to [[Nikko Toshogu|Nikkô Tôshôgû]]. Among the terms discussed is the frequency of ''munwigwam'' missions to [[Tsushima han|Tsushima]].

*1643 - The mission is led by [[Yun Sunji]] and consists of 462 members. It is sent nominally to congratulate the shogunate on the birth of a shogunal heir ([[Tokugawa Ietsuna]] was born in [[1641]]). The envoys travel to Nikkô Tôshôgû, where they present a temple bell as a gift from [[King Injo]], cast on the orders of the shogunate. The bell continues to hang at the Yômeimon in [[Nikko|Nikkô]] today.

*1643 - The mission is led by [[Yun Sunji]] and consists of 462 members. It is sent nominally to congratulate the shogunate on the birth of a shogunal heir ([[Tokugawa Ietsuna]] was born in [[1641]]). The envoys travel to Nikkô Tôshôgû, where they present a temple bell as a gift from [[King Injo]], cast on the orders of the shogunate. The bell continues to hang at the Yômeimon in [[Nikko|Nikkô]] today.

*Schottenhammer, Angela. "The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges''. Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007.

*Schottenhammer, Angela. "The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges - China and her neighbors." in Schottenhammer (ed.) ''The East Asian maritime world, 1400-1800: Its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges''. Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007.

*Anne Walthall, "Hiding the shoguns: Secrecy and the nature of political authority in Tokugawa Japan," in Bernard Scheid and Mark Teeuwen (eds.) ''The Culture of Secrecy in Japanese Religion'', Routledge (2006), 341-344.  

*Anne Walthall, "Hiding the shoguns: Secrecy and the nature of political authority in Tokugawa Japan," in Bernard Scheid and Mark Teeuwen (eds.) ''The Culture of Secrecy in Japanese Religion'', Routledge (2006), 341-344.  

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[[Category:Edo Period]]

[[Category:Edo Period]]

[[Category:Diplomats]]

[[Category:Diplomats]]