Changes

*''Japanese'': [[伊東]]忠太 ''(Itou Chuuta)''

*''Japanese'': [[伊東]]忠太 ''(Itou Chuuta)''

Itô Chûta was a prominent architect of the [[Meiji architecture|Meiji period]] and early 20th century. His works include the main building of the [[Tsukiji Honganji]], and the main gates of the [[University of Tokyo]] main campus; he was also involved in the construction of many of the chief [[Shinto shrines]] of the Empire, including [[Heian Shrine]], [[Meiji Shrine]], [[Karafuto Shrine]], the [[Grand Shrine of Taiwan]], the [[Grand Shrine of Korea]], and [[Okinawa Shrine]].<ref name=koikari>Mire Koikari, “Rethinking Okinawa and Okinawan Studies: Three Perspectives. 40 Years since Reversion: Negotiating the Okinawan Difference in Japan Today," ''The Journal of Asian Studies'' 76:3 (August 2017): 796.</ref>

Itô Chûta was a prominent architect of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His works include the main building of the [[Tsukiji Honganji]], and the main gates of the [[University of Tokyo]] main campus; he was also involved in the construction of many of the chief [[Shinto shrines]] of the Empire, including [[Heian Shrine]], [[Meiji Shrine]], [[Karafuto Shrine]], the [[Grand Shrine of Taiwan]], the [[Grand Shrine of Korea]], and [[Okinawa Shrine]].<ref name=koikari>Mire Koikari, “Rethinking Okinawa and Okinawan Studies: Three Perspectives. 40 Years since Reversion: Negotiating the Okinawan Difference in Japan Today," ''The Journal of Asian Studies'' 76:3 (August 2017): 796.</ref> He also played a central role in devising the country's first cultural properties protection policy, the [[1897]] [[Law for the Preservation of Old Shrines and Temples]] (''koshaji hozon hô'').<ref name=beni53>"Beni no ugushiku"「紅の御城(うぐしく)へ」, ''Momoto Special Issue: Shuri, Ryûkyû no miyako o aruku'' モモト　別冊：首里・琉球の都をあるく (2013/8), 53.</ref>

Born in [[Yonezawa]], Itô studied architecture at the Imperial University<ref>The Imperial University was so called in [[1888]]-[[1897]], after which it became the Imperial University of Tokyo, and is today simply the University of Tokyo.</ref> from [[1889]] until [[1892]], under [[Tatsuno Kingo]], receiving lectures as well from [[Josiah Conder]]. Historian [[Toshio Watanabe]] identifies Itô's graduation dissertation, entitled ''kenchiku tetsugaku'' ("Architectural Philosophy") as "the first fully argued modern theory of architecture produced by a Japanese [person]."<ref name=wata241>Watanabe, 241.</ref> He later went on to write a doctoral thesis, completed in [[1898]]; this analysis of the ancient temple of [[Horyu-ji|Hôryû-ji]] is described by Watanabe as "the first scholarly work of modern art history in Japan."<ref name=wata241/>

Born in [[Yonezawa]], Itô studied architecture at the Imperial University<ref>The Imperial University was so called in [[1888]]-[[1897]], after which it became the Imperial University of Tokyo, and is today simply the University of Tokyo.</ref> from [[1889]] until [[1892]], under [[Tatsuno Kingo]], receiving lectures as well from [[Josiah Conder]]. Historian [[Toshio Watanabe]] identifies Itô's graduation dissertation, entitled ''kenchiku tetsugaku'' ("Architectural Philosophy") as "the first fully argued modern theory of architecture produced by a Japanese [person]."<ref name=wata241>Watanabe, 241.</ref> He later went on to write a doctoral thesis, completed in [[1898]]; this analysis of the ancient temple of [[Horyu-ji|Hôryû-ji]] is described by Watanabe as "the first scholarly work of modern art history in Japan."<ref name=wata241/>

Itô became a professor of architecture at the university in [[1905]].  

Itô became a professor of architecture at the university in [[1905]].  

He joined [[Kamakura Yoshitaro|Kamakura Yoshitarô]] in 1924 to campaign, ultimately successfully, against plans to tear down [[Shuri castle]],<ref>Gallery labels, Fujukan Museum, University of the Ryukyus.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/30087559595/sizes/l]</ref> and played a role in its incorporation into the national network of shrines of [[State Shinto]], through transformation of the site into "Okinawa Shrine."<ref name=koikari/>

He joined [[Kamakura Yoshitaro|Kamakura Yoshitarô]] in 1924 to campaign, ultimately successfully, against plans to tear down [[Shuri castle]],<ref>Gallery labels, Fujukan Museum, University of the Ryukyus.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/30087559595/sizes/l]</ref> and played a role in its incorporation into the national network of shrines of [[State Shinto]], through transformation of the site into "Okinawa Shrine."<ref name=koikari/> Itô traveled himself to Okinawa for the first time in 1924 and spent twenty days traveling around the island observing and learning about [[Ryukyuan architecture|traditional Okinawan architecture]].<ref name=beni53/>

In 1943, he became the first architect to be awarded the Order of Culture (''bunka kunshô''), a rather prestigious award.

In 1943, he became the first architect to be awarded the Order of Culture (''bunka kunshô''), a rather prestigious award.