Changes

This first shogunate left much intact from the preceding [[Heian period|Imperial period]], including tax structures and the system of ''[[shoen|shôen]]'', or private estates. The ''bakufu'' was a rather small government, with only three offices: one administering and enforcing shogunate policy, one overseeing shogunal retainers, and one which dealt with judicial matters. ''Shôen'' holders continued to enjoy their tax exemptions, collecting and keeping taxes within their own lands, and taxes likewise continued to be collected in much the same way as they had been under the Heian court, with a portion of the taxes going to the shogunate and its retainers, and the remainder going to the Imperial Court. Shogunal retainers are believed to have numbered only around 2,000 in the period from 1185-[[1221]], and around 3,000 afterwards. The total population of the archipelago may have been around 9.75 million in 1300.<ref>Robert Tignor, [[Benjamin Elman]], et al, ''Worlds Together, Worlds Apart'', vol B, Fourth Edition, W.W. Norton & Co (2014), 410.</ref>

This first shogunate left much intact from the preceding [[Heian period|Imperial period]], including tax structures and the system of ''[[shoen|shôen]]'', or private estates. The ''bakufu'' was a rather small government, with only three offices: one administering and enforcing shogunate policy, one overseeing shogunal retainers, and one which dealt with judicial matters. ''Shôen'' holders continued to enjoy their tax exemptions, collecting and keeping taxes within their own lands, and taxes likewise continued to be collected in much the same way as they had been under the Heian court, with a portion of the taxes going to the shogunate and its retainers, and the remainder going to the Imperial Court. Shogunal retainers are believed to have numbered only around 2,000 in the period from 1185-[[1221]], and around 3,000 afterwards. The total population of the archipelago may have been around 9.75 million in 1300.<ref>Robert Tignor, [[Benjamin Elman]], et al, ''Worlds Together, Worlds Apart'', vol B, Fourth Edition, W.W. Norton & Co (2014), 410.</ref>

The Imperial Court retained considerable power during this period, with some scholars describing the Kamakura period as one of dual governance. While the shogunate appointed military governors (''[[shugo]]'') and stewards (''[[jito|jitô]]'') to the [[provinces]], the Court continued to appoint civil governors (''[[kokushi]]''), who also worked to govern these regions and to collect taxes; the Court also continued to exercise more direct control over the areas around Kyoto. Powerful Buddhist temples, [[retired emperor]]s, and [[kuge|court nobles]] also continued to wield considerable wealth and influence.

The Imperial Court retained considerable power during this period, with some scholars describing the Kamakura period as one of dual governance. While the shogunate appointed military governors (''[[shugo]]'') and stewards (''[[jito|jitô]]'') to the [[provinces]], the Court continued to appoint civil governors (''[[kokushi (governors)|kokushi]]''), who also worked to govern these regions and to collect taxes; the Court also continued to exercise more direct control over the areas around Kyoto. Powerful Buddhist temples, [[retired emperor]]s, and [[kuge|court nobles]] also continued to wield considerable wealth and influence.

Following Yoritomo's death in [[1199]], his widow [[Hojo Masako|Hôjô Masako]] and her father [[Hojo Tokimasa|Hôjô Tokimasa]] seized power over the shogunate, by establishing a hereditary claim on the position of shogunal regent (''[[shikken]]''). Yoritomo was succeeded as shogun by his son [[Minamoto no Yoriie]], and then by his other son, [[Minamoto no Sanetomo]], who was assassinated in [[1219]], marking the end of less than thirty-five years of Minamoto rule. For the remainder of the Kamakura period, members of the court aristocracy, or imperial princes, served as shogun.

Following Yoritomo's death in [[1199]], his widow [[Hojo Masako|Hôjô Masako]] and her father [[Hojo Tokimasa|Hôjô Tokimasa]] seized power over the shogunate, by establishing a hereditary claim on the position of shogunal regent (''[[shikken]]''). Yoritomo was succeeded as shogun by his son [[Minamoto no Yoriie]], and then by his other son, [[Minamoto no Sanetomo]], who was assassinated in [[1219]], marking the end of less than thirty-five years of Minamoto rule. For the remainder of the Kamakura period, members of the court aristocracy, or imperial princes, served as shogun.