Changes

Upon entering the ''genkan'', one would turn left to enter the ''ôhiroma'' (大広間, great audience hall). Consisting of a number of connected rooms roughly 500 tatami mats in area,<ref name=fukai22>Fukai, ''Edo-jô wo yomu'', 22.</ref> in total, the ''ôhiroma''  was among the spaces closest to the entrance to the castle, and thus furthest from the center of the complex. It was used for audiences with foreign emissaries or powerful ''tozama daimyô'', and for other highly formal ceremonies.

Upon entering the ''genkan'', one would turn left to enter the ''ôhiroma'' (大広間, great audience hall). Consisting of a number of connected rooms roughly 500 tatami mats in area,<ref name=fukai22>Fukai, ''Edo-jô wo yomu'', 22.</ref> in total, the ''ôhiroma''  was among the spaces closest to the entrance to the castle, and thus furthest from the center of the complex. It was used for audiences with foreign emissaries or powerful ''tozama daimyô'', and for other highly formal ceremonies.

Two "studies" (''shoin''), also used as audience halls, were located in the western part of the ''honmaru''. Known as the ''shiroshoin'' ("white study") and ''kuroshoin'' ("black study"), they lay on either side of an open garden (''nakaniwa''). The ''shiroshoin'', to the north of the ''ôhiroma'', was somewhat closer to the ''genkan'' than the ''kuroshoin'', and was used for more public/official meetings, while the ''kuroshoin'', located to the north of the ''shiroshoin'', deeper into the interior of the complex, was used for meetings on more everyday matters. The ''shiroshoin'', constructed in white wood, was divided into several rooms including the ''Teikan-no-ma'', covering in total around 300 tatami in area. The ''kuroshoin'', constructed in black lacquered wood, was similarly divided into several rooms, and covered a somewhat smaller 190 tatami or so.<ref>Arai Hakuseki, Joyce Ackroyd (trans.), ''Told Round a Brushwood Fire'', University of Tokyo Press (1979), 289n38.; Fukai, 32-33.</ref> It was comprised of four rooms, surrounded by tatami-lined verandas. The upper and lower levels (''jôdan'' and ''gedan'') of the main section of the Kuroshoin were each 18 tatami in size; a 15-tatami ''irori-no-ma'' and 15-tatami ''Seiko-no-ma'' ("[[West Lake]] Room") comprised the remainder of the Kuroshoin. The 24-tatami Tamari-no-ma was attached.<ref>Fukai Masaumi 深井雅海, ''Tôken to kakutsuke'' 刀剣と格付け, Tokyo: Yoshikawa kôbunkan (2018), 73.</ref>

Two "studies" (''shoin''), also used as audience halls, were located in the western part of the ''honmaru''. Known as the ''shiroshoin'' ("white study") and ''kuroshoin'' ("black study"), they lay on either side of an open garden (''nakaniwa''). The ''shiroshoin'', to the north of the ''ôhiroma'', was somewhat closer to the ''genkan'' than the ''kuroshoin'', and was used for more public/official meetings, while the ''kuroshoin'', located to the north of the ''shiroshoin'', deeper into the interior of the complex, was used for meetings on more everyday matters. The ''shiroshoin'', constructed in white wood, was divided into several rooms including the ''Teikan-no-ma'', covering in total around 300 tatami in area. The ''kuroshoin'', constructed in black lacquered wood, was similarly divided into several rooms, and covered a somewhat smaller 190 tatami or so.<ref>Arai Hakuseki, Joyce Ackroyd (trans.), ''Told Round a Brushwood Fire'', University of Tokyo Press (1979), 289n38.; Fukai, ''Edo-jô wo yomu'', 32-33.</ref> It was comprised of four rooms, surrounded by tatami-lined verandas. The upper and lower levels (''jôdan'' and ''gedan'') of the main section of the Kuroshoin were each 18 tatami in size; a 15-tatami ''irori-no-ma'' and 15-tatami ''Seiko-no-ma'' ("[[West Lake]] Room") comprised the remainder of the Kuroshoin. The 24-tatami Tamari-no-ma was attached.<ref>Fukai Masaumi 深井雅海, ''Tôken to kakutsuke'' 刀剣と格付け, Tokyo: Yoshikawa kôbunkan (2018), 73.</ref>

The ''shiroshoin'' was connected to the ''Ôhiroma'' by the ''Matsu-no-ôrôka'' ("Great Hallway of Pines"), the second-longest such hallway in the complex. This was the site of the famous [[1701]] attack by [[Asano Naganori]] against [[Kira Yoshinaka]] which precipitated the later attack on Kira's mansion by the [[47 Ronin]] (former retainers of Asano's, seeking revenge for Asano's execution).

The ''shiroshoin'' was connected to the ''Ôhiroma'' by the ''Matsu-no-ôrôka'' ("Great Hallway of Pines"), the second-longest such hallway in the complex. This was the site of the famous [[1701]] attack by [[Asano Naganori]] against [[Kira Yoshinaka]] which precipitated the later attack on Kira's mansion by the [[47 Ronin]] (former retainers of Asano's, seeking revenge for Asano's execution).

#Kiku no ma: ''Fudai daimyô'' not of castle-holding rank were seated in the "chrysanthemum room," or ''kiku-no-ma'', a room located between the ''kari-no-ma'' and the ''shiroshoin''. These included the [[Ooka clan|Ôoka]] of [[Nishi-Ohira han|Nishi-Ôhira]], the [[Oseki clan|Ôseki]] of [[Kurobane han]], the [[Yamaguchi clan]] of [[Ushihisa han]], and the [[Tanuma clan]] of [[Sagara han]].

#Kiku no ma: ''Fudai daimyô'' not of castle-holding rank were seated in the "chrysanthemum room," or ''kiku-no-ma'', a room located between the ''kari-no-ma'' and the ''shiroshoin''. These included the [[Ooka clan|Ôoka]] of [[Nishi-Ohira han|Nishi-Ôhira]], the [[Oseki clan|Ôseki]] of [[Kurobane han]], the [[Yamaguchi clan]] of [[Ushihisa han]], and the [[Tanuma clan]] of [[Sagara han]].

On special occasions, ''daimyô'' and others would be seated in and around the audience hall in accordance with their rankings by waiting room. To give an example, at the accession ceremony for Shogun [[Tokugawa Ietsugu]], held on [[1713]]/4/2, ''[[sobayonin|sobayônin]]'' [[Manabe Akifusa]] sat behind him in the upper ''dan'' of the ''ôhiroma'', along with a number of maids, and on the western side of the room, the [[Konoe family]] former regent and [[Kujo family|Kujô family]] General of the Left. Envoys from the Imperial court, from the Retired Emperor, and from the empress, sat on the western side of the middle ''dan'', and the ''[[Tairo|Tairô]]'' & ''[[kamon-no-kami]]'' (head of cleaning), a member of the [[Ii clan]], sat on the east side of the middle ''dan''. Four ''rôjû'' sat on the east side of the lower ''dan''. Members of the ''gosanke'', along with the ''wakadoshiyori'', sat in the veranda or corridor (''engawa'') on the west side of the middle ''dan'', while ''daimyô'' of the ''tamari-no-ma'' and ''[[koke|kôke]]'' (protocol chiefs) sat on the veranda to the west of the lower ''dan''. ''Kunimochi daimyô'' sat in the ''ni-no-ma''. Other ''daimyô'' sat in the ''san-no-ma'', and other officials in the ''yon-no-ma''.<ref>Fukai, 26-27.</ref> This not only put the relative statuses of each of the ''daimyô'' on display for the shogun, but also for one another, such that each retainer not only witnessed the relative positions of those around him, but would have also felt his own position, keenly.<ref>Walthall, 336.</ref>

On special occasions, ''daimyô'' and others would be seated in and around the audience hall in accordance with their rankings by waiting room. To give an example, at the accession ceremony for Shogun [[Tokugawa Ietsugu]], held on [[1713]]/4/2, ''[[sobayonin|sobayônin]]'' [[Manabe Akifusa]] sat behind him in the upper ''dan'' of the ''ôhiroma'', along with a number of maids, and on the western side of the room, the [[Konoe family]] former regent and [[Kujo family|Kujô family]] General of the Left. Envoys from the Imperial court, from the Retired Emperor, and from the empress, sat on the western side of the middle ''dan'', and the ''[[Tairo|Tairô]]'' & ''[[kamon-no-kami]]'' (head of cleaning), a member of the [[Ii clan]], sat on the east side of the middle ''dan''. Four ''rôjû'' sat on the east side of the lower ''dan''. Members of the ''gosanke'', along with the ''wakadoshiyori'', sat in the veranda or corridor (''engawa'') on the west side of the middle ''dan'', while ''daimyô'' of the ''tamari-no-ma'' and ''[[koke|kôke]]'' (protocol chiefs) sat on the veranda to the west of the lower ''dan''. ''Kunimochi daimyô'' sat in the ''ni-no-ma''. Other ''daimyô'' sat in the ''san-no-ma'', and other officials in the ''yon-no-ma''.<ref>Fukai, ''Edo-jô wo yomu'', 26-27.</ref> This not only put the relative statuses of each of the ''daimyô'' on display for the shogun, but also for one another, such that each retainer not only witnessed the relative positions of those around him, but would have also felt his own position, keenly.<ref>Walthall, 336.</ref>

On occasions such as New Year's, members of the ''gosanke'', ''[[gosankyo|gosankyô]]'', and other shogunal relatives, along with others of the 4th rank and above, waited in various rooms of the castle and met with the shogun in the ''shiroshoin'' one at a time, to offer their New Year's greetings. Following these individual audiences, the shogun would move to the lower ''dan'' (''gedan'') of the ''ôhiroma'', and stand there as ''fusuma'' (sliding doors) were opened, allowing those of rank five and below, gathered in the ''ni-no-ma'', to be seen by the shogun; all those assembled then bowed low, performing their greetings to the shogun all at once.<ref name=fukai22/> ''Daimyô'' visited the castle on a number of occasions throughout the year, including New Year's and other [[gosekku|festival days]], at the times of their arrivals and departures from the city in connection with ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' duties, and, regularly, twice a month. However, ''daimyô'' could not simply visit the castle as they wished, without special permission; even a son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, [[Tokugawa Yoshinao]], was rebuked for traveling to Edo and going up to the castle in [[1629]], when his grand-nephew, Shogun [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]], suddenly fell ill.<ref>Nagai, 126.</ref>

On occasions such as New Year's, members of the ''gosanke'', ''[[gosankyo|gosankyô]]'', and other shogunal relatives, along with others of the 4th rank and above, waited in various rooms of the castle and met with the shogun in the ''shiroshoin'' one at a time, to offer their New Year's greetings. Following these individual audiences, the shogun would move to the lower ''dan'' (''gedan'') of the ''ôhiroma'', and stand there as ''fusuma'' (sliding doors) were opened, allowing those of rank five and below, gathered in the ''ni-no-ma'', to be seen by the shogun; all those assembled then bowed low, performing their greetings to the shogun all at once.<ref name=fukai22/> ''Daimyô'' visited the castle on a number of occasions throughout the year, including New Year's and other [[gosekku|festival days]], at the times of their arrivals and departures from the city in connection with ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' duties, and, regularly, twice a month. However, ''daimyô'' could not simply visit the castle as they wished, without special permission; even a son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, [[Tokugawa Yoshinao]], was rebuked for traveling to Edo and going up to the castle in [[1629]], when his grand-nephew, Shogun [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]], suddenly fell ill.<ref>Nagai, 126.</ref>