Changes

The two most prominent schools of classical ''uta-sanshin'' are [[Nomura-ryu|Nomura-ryû]], which employs fairly strict adherence to written notation, and Afusô-ryû, which focuses more heavily on oral transmission, i.e. playing in emulation of one's teacher. A third school, [[Tansui-ryu|Tansui-ryû]], is considered the oldest, and is still active today. As one can imagine, the former tradition tends towards a high degree of consistency or similarity from place to place and teacher to teacher, while the latter tradition tends towards the development of lineages of sub-styles, as each group of students learns to play like their teacher, in a manner somewhat different perhaps from the students of another teacher.

The two most prominent schools of classical ''uta-sanshin'' are [[Nomura-ryu|Nomura-ryû]], which employs fairly strict adherence to written notation, and Afusô-ryû, which focuses more heavily on oral transmission, i.e. playing in emulation of one's teacher. A third school, [[Tansui-ryu|Tansui-ryû]], is considered the oldest, and is still active today. As one can imagine, the former tradition tends towards a high degree of consistency or similarity from place to place and teacher to teacher, while the latter tradition tends towards the development of lineages of sub-styles, as each group of students learns to play like their teacher, in a manner somewhat different perhaps from the students of another teacher.

Classical songs include ''Nubui kuduchi'', ''Kajadifu bushi'', ''Aha bushi'', and ''Wudui kuwadisa''. The most formal, most elevated, set of classical songs are known as the ''gozenfû itsufushi'', and include ''kajadifû bushi'', ''unna bushi'', ''nakagusuku hantamee bushi'', ''naga iheya bushi'', and ''kuti bushi''.<ref>Kaneshiro, 53-54.</ref>

Classical songs include ''[[Nubui kuduchi]]'', ''[[Kajadifu-bushi|Kajadifû bushi]]'', ''[[Aha bushi]]'', and ''[[Wudui kuwadisa]]'', among many others. The most formal, most elevated, set of classical songs are known as the ''gozenfû itsufushi'' (O: ''gujinfû ichifushi''), and include ''kajadifû bushi'', ''[[unna bushi]]'', ''[[nakagusuku hantamee bushi]]'', ''[[naga iheya bushi]]'', and ''[[kuti bushi]]''.<ref>Kaneshiro, 53-54.</ref>

*'''Folk''' (J: ''min'yô'', also known as ''shima uta'') - Folk music includes a wide range of types of songs, not only from [[Okinawa Island]], but from all of the Ryûkyû Islands. Some of the oldest folk songs derive from the [[Miyako Islands]].<ref>Ashgate. p305.</ref> Many folk songs derive from traditional festival music, agricultural work songs known as ''yunta'' or ''jiraba'', or courting songs known as ''utagaki'', while others are of newer composition, but have become so widely known, and so standard, that they have come to be regarded as "folk music." Some folk songs employ the distinctive vocal techniques of classical singing, while others use a more standard/Western/modern open style. The heterophony heard in classical songs is lessened in folk and popular music, with the pitches played and sung more regularly lining up with one another. The lyrics are often in Okinawan, or another [[Ryukyuan languages|Ryukyuan language]], but are sometimes in standard Japanese. The playing style on the sanshin is somewhat freer than in classical playing, as various techniques are used to help one play more quickly or more smoothly, though such moves might not strictly be tolerated in one of the classical playing styles.

*'''Folk''' (J: ''min'yô'', also known as ''shima uta'') - Folk music includes a wide range of types of songs, not only from [[Okinawa Island]], but from all of the Ryûkyû Islands. Some of the oldest folk songs derive from the [[Miyako Islands]].<ref>Ashgate. p305.</ref> Many folk songs derive from traditional festival music, agricultural work songs known as ''yunta'' or ''jiraba'', or courting songs known as ''utagaki'', while others are of newer composition, but have become so widely known, and so standard, that they have come to be regarded as "folk music." Some folk songs employ the distinctive vocal techniques of classical singing, while others use a more standard/Western/modern open style. The heterophony heard in classical songs is lessened in folk and popular music, with the pitches played and sung more regularly lining up with one another. The lyrics are often in Okinawan, or another [[Ryukyuan languages|Ryukyuan language]], but are sometimes in standard Japanese. The playing style on the sanshin is somewhat freer than in classical playing, as various techniques are used to help one play more quickly or more smoothly, though such moves might not strictly be tolerated in one of the classical playing styles.