Changes

*''Chinese'': 女真 ''(Nǚzhēn)''

*''Chinese'': 女真 ''(Nǚzhēn)''

The Jurchens were a nomadic steppes group which formed the [[Jin Dynasty]] ([[1122]]-[[1234]]), invading the [[Northern Song Dynasty]] and controlling all of northern [[China proper|China]] for over one hundred years, from [[1127]] to [[1234]]. The [[Manchus]], who emerged as a new group around the turn of the 17th century, claimed descent from the Jin Dynasty Jurchens.

The Jurchens were a nomadic steppes group which formed the [[Jin Dynasty]] ([[1122]]-[[1234]]), invading the [[Northern Song Dynasty]] and controlling all of northern [[China proper|China]] for over one hundred years, from [[1127]] to [[1234]]. The [[Manchus]], who emerged as a new group around the turn of the 17th century, claimed descent from the Jin Dynasty Jurchens. The term "Jurchen" (C: ''Nǚzhēn'') appears in Chinese documents from around 800 CE until [[1636]], with the term "Manchu" (C: ''Mǎnzú'') first appearing in [[1635]].<ref>Pamela Kyle Crossley, ''A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology'', University of California Press (1999), 3.</ref>

The Jurchens claimed portions of northeastern [[Manchuria]] (today, the [[provinces of China|Chinese provinces]] of [[Jilin province|Jilin]] and [[Heilongjiang province|Heilongjiang]])<ref name=spence26>Jonathan Spence, ''The Search for Modern China'', Second Edition, W.W. Norton & Co. (1999), 26.</ref> as their ancestral homelands. As early as [[1019]], the Jurchens launched pirate raids on [[Kyushu]] known as the [[Toi Invasion]].

The Jurchens claimed portions of northeastern [[Manchuria]] (today, the [[provinces of China|Chinese provinces]] of [[Jilin province|Jilin]] and [[Heilongjiang province|Heilongjiang]])<ref name=spence26>Jonathan Spence, ''The Search for Modern China'', Second Edition, W.W. Norton & Co. (1999), 26.</ref> as their ancestral homelands. As early as [[1019]], the Jurchens launched pirate raids on [[Kyushu]] known as the [[Toi Invasion]].