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[[Image:Kasuga-ryujin.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The opening lines of ''Kasuga ryûjin'', from a [[Kita school]] ''utaibon'' published in Tokyo, 1925.]]
*''Date: before [[1465]]''
*''Attributed to: [[Komparu Zenchiku]]''
*''Japanese'': 春日竜神 or 春日龍神 ''(Kasuga ryuujin)''
''Kasuga ryûjin'' ("The Dragon God of Kasuga") is a [[Noh]] play featuring the monk [[Myoe Shonin|Myôe Shônin]] ([[1173]]-[[1232]]), who desires to travel to China or India to study [[Buddhism]], but who is convinced by the dragon god of [[Kasuga Shrine]] that there is no need to go overseas when equivalents to the Buddhist monuments of China and India can be found close to home, in Japan.
The play may have been written by [[Komparu Zenchiku]] ([[1405]]-[[1468]]). It is a fifth-category ''kiri-Noh'' play, of the type that would traditionally serve as a thematically appropriate conclusion for a program of five plays. All five schools of Noh have ''Kasuga ryûjin'' in their repertoire; each school's version of the play differs somewhat, with the [[Kanze school]] adding a Dragon Princess ''tsure'' character who dances a ''tennyo-mai'' ("angel dance"), while the [[Hosho school|Hôshô]] and [[Kongo school|Kongô schools]] add multiple Dragon Kings, along with a Dragon Princess who dances a ''chû-no-mai'' ("middle dance"). The [[Kanze school]] sometimes adds a segment where the Dragon God presents Myôe with a jewel.
==Plot Summary==
===Act One===
The play takes place at Kasuga, in [[Nara]], in the spring.
It opens with the ''waki'', Myôe, entering with two ''wakitsure'' (monks), singing of their intentions to travel to China ("the land where the sun goes down"). Myôe performs a ''nanori'', introducing himself, and explaining that he is going to Kasuga Shrine to bid farewell to the deity, as he departs on his journey to China and India.
They arrive at the shrine, and Myôe begins talking to an old man (the ''shite''). He explains his intention to travel to China and India, to visit the great sites of the life of the Historical Buddha ([[Shakyamuni]]). The old man welcomes Myôe, saying that he is a favorite of the deity of Kasuga, but asks why he should think that the god would want to see him leave, and travel so far away. The old man suggests that there is no need to visit these sites of the distant past, saying that Vulture Peak (where the Buddha preached) is now [[Mt. Mikasa]], that the Deer Park there at Kasuga is the very same Deer Park (in India) where the Historical Buddha once preached, and that one should be satisfied with visiting [[Mt. Hiei]], [[Yoshino]], or [[Mt. Tsukuba]], instead of traveling all the way to China to see [[Mt. Tiantai]] or [[Mt. Godai]].
Myôe agrees to give up his journey, regarding the old man as an oracle, and asks his name. The play gives the oracle's name as Tokifû Hideyuki, a reference to both [[Nakatomi no Tokifu|Nakatomi no Tokifû]] ([[731]]-[[818]]) and [[Nakatomi no Hideyuki]] ([[713]]-[[807]]), who are said to have played a role in the founding of Kasuga Shrine, and whose descendants (in the case of the latter) remain priests of the shrine today. Myôe then exits, marking the end of the first act.
===Interlude===
The ''ai'' role performing the interlude is usually a minor deity, but is sometimes replaced with a shrine official, a Nara local, or a monkey. As is typical in Noh, he explains the plot of the first act, in a more direct narrative style.
===Act Two===
The ''waki'' and ''wakitsure'' (Myôe and the two monks) enter again. The Dragon God (the ''nochishite'') enters down the walkway and stops at first pine (before entering the stage proper), and sings along with the Chorus about the eight dragon kings. As the song turns to the Dragon Princess, the Dragon God enters the stage and dances, making a circuit of the stage. The chorus (speaking for the Dragon God) asks Myôe if he will travel to China and India to visit the great sites in those distant lands, and he responds "no."
The play ends with the Dragon God making his way to the center of the stage ("base square"), leaping into the air, and kneeling, ending his dance.
==References==
*[[Royall Tyler|Tyler, Royall]]. ''Japanese Nô Dramas''. Penguin Classics, 1992. pp142-155.
[[Category:Poetry and Theater]]
[[Category:Muromachi Period]]
*''Date: before [[1465]]''
*''Attributed to: [[Komparu Zenchiku]]''
*''Japanese'': 春日竜神 or 春日龍神 ''(Kasuga ryuujin)''
''Kasuga ryûjin'' ("The Dragon God of Kasuga") is a [[Noh]] play featuring the monk [[Myoe Shonin|Myôe Shônin]] ([[1173]]-[[1232]]), who desires to travel to China or India to study [[Buddhism]], but who is convinced by the dragon god of [[Kasuga Shrine]] that there is no need to go overseas when equivalents to the Buddhist monuments of China and India can be found close to home, in Japan.
The play may have been written by [[Komparu Zenchiku]] ([[1405]]-[[1468]]). It is a fifth-category ''kiri-Noh'' play, of the type that would traditionally serve as a thematically appropriate conclusion for a program of five plays. All five schools of Noh have ''Kasuga ryûjin'' in their repertoire; each school's version of the play differs somewhat, with the [[Kanze school]] adding a Dragon Princess ''tsure'' character who dances a ''tennyo-mai'' ("angel dance"), while the [[Hosho school|Hôshô]] and [[Kongo school|Kongô schools]] add multiple Dragon Kings, along with a Dragon Princess who dances a ''chû-no-mai'' ("middle dance"). The [[Kanze school]] sometimes adds a segment where the Dragon God presents Myôe with a jewel.
==Plot Summary==
===Act One===
The play takes place at Kasuga, in [[Nara]], in the spring.
It opens with the ''waki'', Myôe, entering with two ''wakitsure'' (monks), singing of their intentions to travel to China ("the land where the sun goes down"). Myôe performs a ''nanori'', introducing himself, and explaining that he is going to Kasuga Shrine to bid farewell to the deity, as he departs on his journey to China and India.
They arrive at the shrine, and Myôe begins talking to an old man (the ''shite''). He explains his intention to travel to China and India, to visit the great sites of the life of the Historical Buddha ([[Shakyamuni]]). The old man welcomes Myôe, saying that he is a favorite of the deity of Kasuga, but asks why he should think that the god would want to see him leave, and travel so far away. The old man suggests that there is no need to visit these sites of the distant past, saying that Vulture Peak (where the Buddha preached) is now [[Mt. Mikasa]], that the Deer Park there at Kasuga is the very same Deer Park (in India) where the Historical Buddha once preached, and that one should be satisfied with visiting [[Mt. Hiei]], [[Yoshino]], or [[Mt. Tsukuba]], instead of traveling all the way to China to see [[Mt. Tiantai]] or [[Mt. Godai]].
Myôe agrees to give up his journey, regarding the old man as an oracle, and asks his name. The play gives the oracle's name as Tokifû Hideyuki, a reference to both [[Nakatomi no Tokifu|Nakatomi no Tokifû]] ([[731]]-[[818]]) and [[Nakatomi no Hideyuki]] ([[713]]-[[807]]), who are said to have played a role in the founding of Kasuga Shrine, and whose descendants (in the case of the latter) remain priests of the shrine today. Myôe then exits, marking the end of the first act.
===Interlude===
The ''ai'' role performing the interlude is usually a minor deity, but is sometimes replaced with a shrine official, a Nara local, or a monkey. As is typical in Noh, he explains the plot of the first act, in a more direct narrative style.
===Act Two===
The ''waki'' and ''wakitsure'' (Myôe and the two monks) enter again. The Dragon God (the ''nochishite'') enters down the walkway and stops at first pine (before entering the stage proper), and sings along with the Chorus about the eight dragon kings. As the song turns to the Dragon Princess, the Dragon God enters the stage and dances, making a circuit of the stage. The chorus (speaking for the Dragon God) asks Myôe if he will travel to China and India to visit the great sites in those distant lands, and he responds "no."
The play ends with the Dragon God making his way to the center of the stage ("base square"), leaping into the air, and kneeling, ending his dance.
==References==
*[[Royall Tyler|Tyler, Royall]]. ''Japanese Nô Dramas''. Penguin Classics, 1992. pp142-155.
[[Category:Poetry and Theater]]
[[Category:Muromachi Period]]
