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[[Image:Tsurugaoka.jpg|right|thumb|400px|A view of Tsurugaoka Hachimangû, with the main worship hall visible above the ''maiden''.]]
*''Founded: [[1063]]''
*''Japanese'': 鶴岡八幡宮 ''(tsurugaoka hachimanguu)''
Tsurugaoka Hachimangû is a [[Shinto shrine]] in [[Kamakura]], the family shrine of the [[Minamoto clan]].
The shrine got its start in [[1063]], as an extension or branch of [[Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine]], when [[Minamoto no Yoriyoshi]] prayed to [[Hachiman]] for victory against [[Abe no Sadato|Abe no Sadatô]]. Yoriyoshi's son [[Minamoto no Yoshiie]] repaired the shrine in [[1081]] and moved it from the village of Yui (today the neighborhood [[Yuigahama]]) to the village of Kobayashi. [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] moved it again, to its current location in [[1180]], making it the center of the city of [[Kamakura]]. The main street, Wakamiya-ôji, runs directly southwest from the main entrance to the shrine.
Yoritomo made it his family's tutelary shrine, a site for official [[Kamakura shogunate]] ritual events, as well as a shrine dedicated to protecting the shogunate, the Minamoto clan, and its vassals. It was made into a syncretic [[Shinto|Shintô]]-[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] site, and twenty-five Buddhist monks, along with a head monk, were assigned to the shrine. A head priest was chosen from the [[Otomo clan|Ôtomo clan]], but was subordinate to the monks' authority.
In addition to [[Hachiman]], the shrine is also dedicated to [[Emperor Ojin|Emperor Ôjin]], his mother [[Empress Jingu|Empress Jingû]], and his wife [[Himegami]].
The main worship hall burned down in [[1191]], and in the rebuilding, the shrine was transformed. A new Upper Shrine was constructed halfway up the mountainside, while a branch Lower Shrine called [[Wakamiya Shrine]] was constructed down below. [[Shizuka Gozen]] is said to have danced on the shrine's ''[[maiden]]'', while the third Kamakura [[shogun]], [[Minamoto no Sanetomo]], was assassinated on or near the stairs to the Upper Shrine, in [[1219]]. Having become strongly associated with the warrior administration, even after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, Tsurugaoka Hachimangû continued to be revered by prominent samurai leaders. The [[Ashikaga kubo|Ashikaga kubô]], [[Hojo Ujitsuna|Hôjô Ujitsuna]], and [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] were among the many who organized renovation, restoration, or rebuilding efforts at Tsurugaoka over the centuries. The shrine burned down on a number of occasions, including on [[1280]]/11/14, in [[1296]], and by attacking forces in [[1526]].
In the [[Meiji period]], the shrine was designated a [[national shrine]]. Its Buddhist elements were torn away, and for a time the shrine fell into ruin. However, in the 1960s-1970s, it became an extremely popular site for ''[[hatsumode|hatsumôde]]'' (the first shrine visit on or after New Year's), at one point seeing the largest crowd in the entire country for eight years straight.
Today, the shrine remains an extremely popular site for ''hatsumôde'', weddings, and tourists. It celebrates its chief annual festival on September 15 every year, and is known for its ''[[yabusame]]'' tournaments held every September 16.
==References==
*"Tsurugaoka Hachimangû." ''Dare demo yomeru Nihonshi nenpyô'' 誰でも読める日本史年表. Yoshikawa Kôbunkan.
*"Tsurugaoka Hachimangû." ''Digital Daijisen'' デジタル大辞泉. Shogakukan.
*"Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine." ''Encyclopedia of Japan''. Kodansha.
*"Tsurugaoka Hachimangû." ''Nihon daihyakka zensho Nipponica'' 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ). Shogakukan.
*"[http://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%B6%B4%E5%B2%A1%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%A1%E5%AE%AE Tsurugaoka Hachimangu]." ''Sekai daihyakka jiten'' 世界大百科事典. Hitachi Solutions, 2012.
[[Category:Shrines]]
[[Category:Kamakura Period]]
*''Founded: [[1063]]''
*''Japanese'': 鶴岡八幡宮 ''(tsurugaoka hachimanguu)''
Tsurugaoka Hachimangû is a [[Shinto shrine]] in [[Kamakura]], the family shrine of the [[Minamoto clan]].
The shrine got its start in [[1063]], as an extension or branch of [[Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine]], when [[Minamoto no Yoriyoshi]] prayed to [[Hachiman]] for victory against [[Abe no Sadato|Abe no Sadatô]]. Yoriyoshi's son [[Minamoto no Yoshiie]] repaired the shrine in [[1081]] and moved it from the village of Yui (today the neighborhood [[Yuigahama]]) to the village of Kobayashi. [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] moved it again, to its current location in [[1180]], making it the center of the city of [[Kamakura]]. The main street, Wakamiya-ôji, runs directly southwest from the main entrance to the shrine.
Yoritomo made it his family's tutelary shrine, a site for official [[Kamakura shogunate]] ritual events, as well as a shrine dedicated to protecting the shogunate, the Minamoto clan, and its vassals. It was made into a syncretic [[Shinto|Shintô]]-[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] site, and twenty-five Buddhist monks, along with a head monk, were assigned to the shrine. A head priest was chosen from the [[Otomo clan|Ôtomo clan]], but was subordinate to the monks' authority.
In addition to [[Hachiman]], the shrine is also dedicated to [[Emperor Ojin|Emperor Ôjin]], his mother [[Empress Jingu|Empress Jingû]], and his wife [[Himegami]].
The main worship hall burned down in [[1191]], and in the rebuilding, the shrine was transformed. A new Upper Shrine was constructed halfway up the mountainside, while a branch Lower Shrine called [[Wakamiya Shrine]] was constructed down below. [[Shizuka Gozen]] is said to have danced on the shrine's ''[[maiden]]'', while the third Kamakura [[shogun]], [[Minamoto no Sanetomo]], was assassinated on or near the stairs to the Upper Shrine, in [[1219]]. Having become strongly associated with the warrior administration, even after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate, Tsurugaoka Hachimangû continued to be revered by prominent samurai leaders. The [[Ashikaga kubo|Ashikaga kubô]], [[Hojo Ujitsuna|Hôjô Ujitsuna]], and [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] were among the many who organized renovation, restoration, or rebuilding efforts at Tsurugaoka over the centuries. The shrine burned down on a number of occasions, including on [[1280]]/11/14, in [[1296]], and by attacking forces in [[1526]].
In the [[Meiji period]], the shrine was designated a [[national shrine]]. Its Buddhist elements were torn away, and for a time the shrine fell into ruin. However, in the 1960s-1970s, it became an extremely popular site for ''[[hatsumode|hatsumôde]]'' (the first shrine visit on or after New Year's), at one point seeing the largest crowd in the entire country for eight years straight.
Today, the shrine remains an extremely popular site for ''hatsumôde'', weddings, and tourists. It celebrates its chief annual festival on September 15 every year, and is known for its ''[[yabusame]]'' tournaments held every September 16.
==References==
*"Tsurugaoka Hachimangû." ''Dare demo yomeru Nihonshi nenpyô'' 誰でも読める日本史年表. Yoshikawa Kôbunkan.
*"Tsurugaoka Hachimangû." ''Digital Daijisen'' デジタル大辞泉. Shogakukan.
*"Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine." ''Encyclopedia of Japan''. Kodansha.
*"Tsurugaoka Hachimangû." ''Nihon daihyakka zensho Nipponica'' 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ). Shogakukan.
*"[http://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%B6%B4%E5%B2%A1%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%A1%E5%AE%AE Tsurugaoka Hachimangu]." ''Sekai daihyakka jiten'' 世界大百科事典. Hitachi Solutions, 2012.
[[Category:Shrines]]
[[Category:Kamakura Period]]
