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− | * ''Kanji: 甲鉄 (Koutetsu), literally "Iron armored." Later renamed 東 (Azuma), literally "East." | + | * ''Kanji: 甲鉄 (Koutetsu), literally "Iron Armored." Later renamed 東 (Azuma), literally "East." |
| * ''Entered Japanese Service: 3 February 1869'' | | * ''Entered Japanese Service: 3 February 1869'' |
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| + | | colspan="2" | <font color="#000000"> Statistics<ref>Unless otherwise noted the statistics are from Steensen, Robert Steen. ''Vore Panserskibe.'' (Our Armoured Vessels). 1968.</ref> |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Displacement: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">1,400 tons<ref>The Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies, Series II Volume 1, page 267 claims the tonnage to be 900.</ref><br>1,535 tons - deep load |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Length: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">187 feet<ref>ORUCN claims 171' 10"</ref> |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Beam: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">32 feet 8 inches |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Draught: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">14 feet 4 inches<ref>From ORUCN</ref> |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Propulsion: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Two tubular boilers<ref>ORUCN claims four engines</ref><br>Two shaft return connecting rod<br>1,200 indicated horsepower |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Fuel: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Coal - 200 tons |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Speed: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">10.8 knots - both engines<ref>ORUCN claims "about 13 knots"</ref><br>5.8 knots - single engine |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Complement: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">135 |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Armament: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">1 x 300-pounder [[Armstrong gun]]s<br>2 x 70-pounder Armstrong<ref>ORUCN claims, as of 1865, two 150-pounder Armstrong instead of two 70-pounders</ref> |
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| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Armor: |
| + | |<font size=1><font color="#000000">Fore "turret" – 4 ½ inches of iron<br>Hull – 3 ½ - 4 inches of iron<br>Aft "turret" - 4 inches of iron |
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| + | ==Construction and life in France== |
| + | * Name while in service: ''Sphinx'' |
| + | [[Image:Naval Ensign of France.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the ''Marine Nationale'' (French Navy).]] |
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− | [[Image:Confederate_States_Naval_Ensign_post_May_26_1863.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the Confederate States Navy.]] | + | [[Image:StaerkodderPlans2.gif||thumb|left|A basic plan set for the ironclad.<ref>Greene and Massignani. ''Ironclads at War.'' Page 202</ref>]] |
− | [[Image:Naval Ensign of Denmark.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the Danish Navy.]] | + | <br> |
− | [[Image:Naval Ensign of France.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the French Navy.]] | + | <br> |
− | [[Image:Naval Ensign of Japan before 1889.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy prior to 1889.]] | + | <br> |
− | [[Image:Spanish Naval Ensign post 1785.gif||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the Spanish Navy after 1785.]] | + | <br> |
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| + | ==Service in the Royal Danish Navy== |
| + | * Names while in service: |
| + | ** ''Stærkodder'' (literally "Strong Otter") |
| + | ** ''Olinde'' |
| + | [[Image:Naval Ensign of Denmark.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the ''Kongelige Danske Marine'' (Royal Danish Navy).]] |
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| + | [[Image:Starkodder1.jpg||thumb|left|The ironclad as the ''Stærkodder'' in the Royal Danish Navy in 1864.<ref>From the collection of the ''Orlogsmuseets'' (Royal Danish Naval Museum).</ref>]] |
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| + | ==Service in the Confederate States Navy== |
| + | * Name while in service: CSS ''Stonewall'' (named for slain Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson) |
| + | * Engagement: Pursued by United States warships ''Sacramento'', ''Niagara'', and ''Kearsarge''. |
| + | [[Image:Confederate_States_Naval_Ensign_post_May_26_1863.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the Confederate States Navy after 26 May 1863.]] |
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| + | [[Image:Confederate States Naval Jack.png||thumb|left|Naval jack of the Confederate States Navy from 1863 through 1865.]] |
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| + | |- align=center bgcolor=#FFFFFF |
| + | | colspan="2" |<font color="#000000">Crew<ref>Evans, Clement Anselm. ''Confederate Military History.'' Volume 12.</ref> |
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| + | |<font size=1>Captain |
| + | |<font size=1>Thomas Jefferson Page |
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| + | |<font size=1>Lieutenant |
| + | |<font size=1>Robert Randolph Carter |
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| + | |<font size=1>Lieutenant |
| + | |<font size=1>George S. Shyrock |
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| + | |<font size=1>Lieutenant |
| + | |<font size=1>George A. Borchert |
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| + | |<font size=1>Lieutenant |
| + | |<font size=1>E. G. Read |
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| + | |<font size=1>Lieutenant |
| + | |<font size=1>Samuel Barron, Jr. |
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| + | |<font size=1>Surgeon |
| + | |<font size=1>Bennett Wood Green |
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| + | |<font size=1>Assistant Surgeon |
| + | |<font size=1>James W. Herty |
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| + | |<font size=1>Paymaster |
| + | |<font size=1>Richard W. Curtis |
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| + | |<font size=1>Engineer |
| + | |<font size=1>William Param Brooks |
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| + | |<font size=1>Engineer |
| + | |<font size=1>William Hutcheson Jackson |
| + | |- |
| + | |<font size=1>Engineer |
| + | |<font size=1>J. C. Klosh |
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| + | |<font size=1>Master |
| + | |<font size=1>William W. Wilkinson |
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| + | |<font size=1>Boatswain |
| + | |<font size=1>John M. Dukehart |
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| + | |<font size=1>Gunner |
| + | |<font size=1>J. B. King |
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| + | |<font size=1>Master’s Mate |
| + | |<font size=1>W. H. Savage |
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| + | |<font size=1>Paymaster’s Clerk |
| + | |<font size=1>William Boynton |
| + | |} |
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| + | [[Image:Belem firing on Niagara and Sacramento.jpg||thumb|left|The Tower of Belem firing on the United States ships ''Niagara'' and ''Sacramento'' in Lisbon Harbor.<ref>From Harper's Weekly, 13 May 1865.</ref>]] |
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| + | [[Image:Harpers-13May1865.jpg||thumb|right|The ironclad as the CSS ''Stonewall'' crossing the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>Harper's Weekly, 13 May 1865.</ref>]] |
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| + | =="Surrender" to Spanish authorities in Cuba== |
| + | [[Image:Spanish Naval Ensign post 1785.gif||thumb|left|Naval ensign of the ''Armada Española'' (Spanish Navy) after 1785.]] |
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| + | ==Spain turns the vessel over to the United States. For a price.== |
| + | * Name while in service: Ex-CSS ''Stonewall'' |
| [[Image:US Naval Jack 36 stars.png||thumb|right|Naval jack of the United States Navy from 4 July 1865 through 3 July 1867.]] | | [[Image:US Naval Jack 36 stars.png||thumb|right|Naval jack of the United States Navy from 4 July 1865 through 3 July 1867.]] |
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| + | [[Image:Stonewall-Washington.jpg||thumb|left|The ironclad in United States custody in the Washington Navy Yard.<ref>From the United States Naval Historical Center.</ref>]] |
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| + | ==Japan enters the age of the ironclad== |
| + | * Names while in service: |
| + | ** 甲鉄 (''Koutetsu'' [literally "Iron Armored"]) |
| + | ** 東 (''Azuma'' [literally "East"]) |
| + | * Engagements: |
| + | ** 宮古湾海戦 - ''Miyako Wan Kaisen'' (Naval Battle of Miyako Bay) March 1869. |
| + | ** 函館湾海戦 - ''Hakodate Wan Kaisen'' (Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay) 4 through 10 May 1869. |
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| + | [[Image:Naval Ensign of Japan before 1889.png||thumb|right|Naval ensign of the 大日本帝國海軍 (''Dai Nippon Teikoku Kaigun'' [Imperial Japanese Navy]) prior to 1889.]] |
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| + | [[Image:Azuma-port.jpg||thumb|left|The ironclad as the ''Koutetsu'' at full sail in port during the late 1860s.<ref>From the United States Naval Historical Center.</ref>]] |
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| + | [[Image:BattleOfHakodate.jpg||thumb|right|The ironclad as the ''Koutetsu'' during the 函館湾海戦 (''Hakodate Wan Kaisen'' [Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay]), June 1869.<ref>From the United States Naval Historical Center.</ref>]] |
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| + | [[Image:Naval Battle of Hakodate.JPG||thumb|left|The ironclad as the ''Koutetsu'' during the 函館湾海戦 (''Hakodate Wan Kaisen'' [Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay]).<ref>From the Illustrated London News, 11 September 1869.</ref>]] |
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| + | [[Image:Azuma3.jpg||thumb|right|The ironclad after being renamed ''Azuma''.<ref>From the United States Naval Historical Center.</ref>]] |
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| + | ==Notes== |
| + | <references/> |
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| + | ==References== |
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| + | * Evans, Clement Anselm. Confederate military history; a library of Confederate States history. Volume 12. Atlanta, GA: Confederate Publishing Company, 1899. |
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| + | * Greene, Jack and Alessandro Massignani. ''Ironclads at War: The Origin and Development of the Armored Warship, 1854-1891.'' Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing, 1998. |
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| + | * “Japanese Imperial Fleet Attacking the Rebels of Hakodadi.” ''Illustrated London News'', 11 September 1869. |
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| + | * Naval War Records Office. ''Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies''. Series I Volumes 3 (1896), 5 (1897), 12 (1901), 16 (1903), 17 (1903), 22 (1908), 27 (1917). Series II Volumes 1 (1921), 2 (1921), 3 (1922). Washington, D.C.: Government Print. Office, 1894-1922. |
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| + | * Steensen, Robert Steen. ''Vore Panserskibe'' (Our Armoured Vessels). Copenhagen, Denmark: Marinehistorisk Selskab, 1968. 178-195. |
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| + | * “The Confederate Steam Ram ‘Stonewall’ leaving Lisbon Harbor.” ''Harper’s Weekly'', 13 May 1865, p. 301. |
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| [[Category:Ships|Kotetsu]] | | [[Category:Ships|Kotetsu]] |
| [[Category:Bakumatsu|Kotetsu]] | | [[Category:Bakumatsu|Kotetsu]] |
| {{draft}} | | {{draft}} |