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[[Image:Shandong in China.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Shandong (in red), within the modern borders of the People's Republic of China.]]
[[Image:Shandong in China.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Shandong (in red), within the modern borders of the People's Republic of China.]]
*''Capital: [[Jinan]]''
*''Chinese'': 山東省 ''(Shandong sheng)''
*''Chinese'': 山東省 ''(Shandong sheng)''
Shandong is a [[provinces of China|province]] in northeastern China, with its capital at Jinan. It is famous as the site of [[Taishan]] (Mt. Tai), one of the most sacred sites in [[Taoism]], and as the birthplace of both [[Confucius]] and [[Mencius]].
Shandong is a [[provinces of China|province]] in northeastern China, with its capital at Jinan. It is famous as the site of [[Taishan]] (Mt. Tai), one of the most sacred sites in [[Taoism]], and as the birthplace of both [[Confucius]] and [[Mencius]].
Shandong is also home to the port city of [[Qingdao]] (Tsingtao), and the sites of the initial discoveries of the Neolithic [[Longshan]] and [[Dawenkou]] cultures.<ref>James Flath, "Managing Historical Capital in Shandong: Museum, Monument, and Memory in Provincial China," ''The Public Historian'' 24:2 (2002), 42.</ref>
==History==
Southern Shandong was long known for its endemic bandit problem, an association with spirit-possession and spiritual practices, and as a home of martial arts. As far back as the [[Zhou Dynasty]] (c. 1027-481 BCE), the State of [[Qi (state)|Qi]], based in Shandong, was known for its shamans and their powers of spirit-possession.
Southern Shandong was long known for its endemic bandit problem, an association with spirit-possession and spiritual practices, and as a home of martial arts. As far back as the [[Zhou Dynasty]] (c. 1027-481 BCE), the State of [[Qi (state)|Qi]], based in Shandong, was known for its shamans and their powers of spirit-possession.
The [[Red Eyebrows Uprising]] of [[18]]-[[27]] CE, as well as the [[Yellow Turbans Rebellion]] of [[184]]-[[205]] CE (during the [[Han Dynasty]]), the [[Huang Chao]] rebellion of the [[Tang Dynasty]], the [[Song Dynasty]] Bandit-Heroes of the famous story of the ''[[Water Margin]]'', and the [[Boxer Rebellion]] (c. [[1900]]) of the late [[Qing Dynasty]] were all based in Shandong.
The [[Red Eyebrows Uprising]] of [[18]]-[[27]] CE, as well as the [[Yellow Turbans Rebellion]] of [[184]]-[[205]] CE (during the [[Han Dynasty]]), the [[Huang Chao]] rebellion of the [[Tang Dynasty]], the [[Song Dynasty]] Bandit-Heroes of the famous story of the ''[[Water Margin]]'', and the [[Boxer Rebellion]] (c. [[1900]]) of the late [[Qing Dynasty]] were all based in Shandong.
[[Yuan Shikai]], who became the first president of the [[Republic of China]] in [[1912]], had previously served as a military governor in Shandong. Following his death in [[1916]], however, a warlord named [[Zhang Zongchang]] ("the Dog Meat General") came to rule in the area.<ref>James Flath, "Managing Historical Capital in Shandong: Museum, Monument, and Memory in Provincial China," ''The Public Historian'' 24:2 (2002) 44.</ref>
[[Yuan Shikai]], who became the first president of the [[Republic of China]] in [[1912]], had previously served as a military governor in Shandong. Following his death in [[1916]], however, a warlord named [[Zhang Zongchang]] ("the Dog Meat General") came to rule in the area.<ref>Flath, 44.</ref>
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