Difference between revisions of "National Academy"
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| + | ::''For the National Academy of the Ryûkyû Kingdom, see [[National Academy (Ryukyu)]].'' | ||
*''Chinese'': 国学 ''(guóxué)'', 国子監 ''(guózǐjiàn)'', 國子學 ''(Guózǐxué)'' | *''Chinese'': 国学 ''(guóxué)'', 国子監 ''(guózǐjiàn)'', 國子學 ''(Guózǐxué)'' | ||
| − | The National Academy, also known as the Imperial Academy or by a variety of other English translations, was the chief educational institution in Imperial China. Existent in various forms since the [[Sui Dynasty]] or perhaps even the [[Jin Dynasty]],<ref name=toankan>''Ryûkyû kokuô hyôbun sôhon ten'' 琉球国王表文奏本展, Okinawa Prefectural Archives (2000), 10.</ref> it was originally known as the ''Guóxué'', and later came to be known as ''Guózǐjiàn''. In the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasties]] in particular, those who passed the provincial-level [[Chinese imperial examinations|imperial examinations]] (known as ''jǔrén'') were able to enter the ''Guózǐjiàn'' to study for the metropolitan and palace level exams, in order to earn the ''jìnshì'' degree. A small number of students and scholars from [[Ryukyuan students in China|Ryûkyû]], Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Siam studied at the National Academy as well; only the Ryukyuan students, however, had a separate section of the Academy (known as the ''Liúqiú guānxué'') dedicated for their use.<ref name=toankan/> | + | The National Academy, also known as the Imperial Academy or by a variety of other English translations, was the chief educational institution in Imperial China. Existent in various forms since the [[Sui Dynasty]] or perhaps even the [[Jin Dynasty]],<ref name=toankan>''Ryûkyû kokuô hyôbun sôhon ten'' 琉球国王表文奏本展, Okinawa Prefectural Archives (2000), 10-11.</ref> it was originally known as the ''Guóxué'', and later came to be known as ''Guózǐjiàn''. In the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasties]] in particular, those who passed the provincial-level [[Chinese imperial examinations|imperial examinations]] (known as ''jǔrén'') were able to enter the ''Guózǐjiàn'' to study for the metropolitan and palace level exams, in order to earn the ''jìnshì'' degree. A small number of students and scholars from [[Ryukyuan students in China|Ryûkyû]], Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Siam studied at the National Academy as well; only the Ryukyuan students, however, had a separate section of the Academy (known as the ''Liúqiú guānxué'') dedicated for their use.<ref name=toankan/> |
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| + | A [[Confucius|Confucian]] temple was located nearby, in accordance with the Chinese tradition of ''Zuǒ miào yòu xué'' ("to the left, [Confucian] temple; to the right, academy"). Students visited here twice a month.<ref name=toankan/> | ||
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Latest revision as of 20:42, 10 March 2017
- For the National Academy of the Ryûkyû Kingdom, see National Academy (Ryukyu).
- Chinese: 国学 (guóxué), 国子監 (guózǐjiàn), 國子學 (Guózǐxué)
The National Academy, also known as the Imperial Academy or by a variety of other English translations, was the chief educational institution in Imperial China. Existent in various forms since the Sui Dynasty or perhaps even the Jin Dynasty,[1] it was originally known as the Guóxué, and later came to be known as Guózǐjiàn. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties in particular, those who passed the provincial-level imperial examinations (known as jǔrén) were able to enter the Guózǐjiàn to study for the metropolitan and palace level exams, in order to earn the jìnshì degree. A small number of students and scholars from Ryûkyû, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Siam studied at the National Academy as well; only the Ryukyuan students, however, had a separate section of the Academy (known as the Liúqiú guānxué) dedicated for their use.[1]
A Confucian temple was located nearby, in accordance with the Chinese tradition of Zuǒ miào yòu xué ("to the left, [Confucian] temple; to the right, academy"). Students visited here twice a month.[1]
References
- Benjamin Elman, A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China, University of California Press (2000), 144-145.
