Changes

==Bugaku Dances==

==Bugaku Dances==

[[File:Ryoo-mask.jpg|right|thumb|400px|An imperial court style ''Ryôô'' mask]]

[[File:Ryoo-mask.jpg|right|thumb|400px|An imperial court style ''Ryôô'' mask]]

*''Konju'' 胡飲酒 (aka ''Suigoraku'' 酸胡楽, ''Eninraku'' 宴飲楽, ''Inshuraku'' 飲酒楽) is a dance based on or inspired by foreigners dancing drunkenly. This dance was performed by members of the [[O family|Ô family]] (多家) since ancient times, but around [[1100]], [[O no Suketada|Ô no Suketada]] was killed by [[Yamamura Masatsura]], and the performance of this dance was suspended for a time. The mask for this dance is a dark red, with large eyes and long black hair.<ref name=mitsukoshi>Masks and gallery labels on display at Mitsukoshi department store, Nihonbashi, Aug 2014.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15786433330/][https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15786333578/sizes/k/][https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15786432890/sizes/h/][https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15971743871/in/photostream/]</ref>

*''Genjôraku'' 還城楽 (aka ''Kenjaraku'' 見蛇楽) is a dance of a foreigner who is dancing with happiness after catching a snake. It is not known when this dance developed. The mask for this dance is covered completely in vermillion lacquer, and features large white tufts of hair for the eyebrows, mustache, and beard.<ref name=mitsukoshi>Masks and gallery labels on display at Mitsukoshi department store, Nihonbashi, Aug 2014.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15786433330/][https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15786333578/sizes/k/][https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15786432890/sizes/h/][https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15971743871/in/photostream/][https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/15354104473/sizes/h/]</ref>

*''Konju'' 胡飲酒 (aka ''Suigoraku'' 酸胡楽, ''Eninraku'' 宴飲楽, ''Inshuraku'' 飲酒楽) is a dance based on or inspired by foreigners dancing drunkenly. This dance was performed by members of the [[O family|Ô family]] (多家) since ancient times, but around [[1100]], [[O no Suketada|Ô no Suketada]] was killed by [[Yamamura Masatsura]], and the performance of this dance was suspended for a time. The mask for this dance is a dark red, with large eyes and long black hair.<ref name=mitsukoshi/>

*''Nasori'' 納曽利 is an ''u-no-mai'' (Korean-style) dance associated with the ''gagaku'' piece ''Ryôô'' 陵王. The details are somewhat unclear, but it is generally said to be a dance of two dragons (male and female). When performed by just one dancer, it is called ''Rakuson'' 落蹲. The masks are blue with large white eyes rimmed in red. Large tusks curve upwards out of the upper jaw of the mask, and fangs from the lower jaw, which hangs slackenly from the main portion of the mask, which also features numerous tufts of hair.<ref name=mitsukoshi/>

*''Nasori'' 納曽利 is an ''u-no-mai'' (Korean-style) dance associated with the ''gagaku'' piece ''Ryôô'' 陵王. The details are somewhat unclear, but it is generally said to be a dance of two dragons (male and female). When performed by just one dancer, it is called ''Rakuson'' 落蹲. The masks are blue with large white eyes rimmed in red. Large tusks curve upwards out of the upper jaw of the mask, and fangs from the lower jaw, which hangs slackenly from the main portion of the mask, which also features numerous tufts of hair.<ref name=mitsukoshi/>

*''Ryôô'' 陵王 is a representative dance of the ''Sa-no-mai'' (Chinese-style) fast-paced "running dances" (''hashirimono''). The dragon-like mask is said to be based on or inspired by that of Gāo Chánggōng, Prince of Lánlíng (J: ''Ranryôô'', hence the name of the piece), a high-ranking general of the [[Northern Qi Dynasty]] who, it is said, had such a beautiful face that he needed to cover it with a frightening mask in order to be successfully fearsome and intimidating on the battlefield. The dance itself is said to be based on, or inspired by, one he performed after defeating a great [[Northern Zhou]] army. The mask for this dance is rather complex and is perhaps the most complicated of all ''bugaku'' masks to reproduce. It features a gilded face with blue forehead and small dragon-like figures with multicolored wings on the top and sides; white tufts of hair extend from the eyebrows, mustache, and beard of the mask, the lower jaw of which hangs freely on strings below the main portion of the mask. Roughly five styles of ''Ryôô'' masks are standard: an  imperial court style, a [[Fujiwara clan|Fujiwara]] style, a [[Taira clan|Heike]] style, and a [[Minamoto clan|Genji]] style transmitted as tradition since the classical era, and a [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] style developed in the early modern period.<ref name=mitsukoshi/>

*''Ryôô'' 陵王 is a representative dance of the ''Sa-no-mai'' (Chinese-style) fast-paced "running dances" (''hashirimono''). The dragon-like mask is said to be based on or inspired by that of Gāo Chánggōng, Prince of Lánlíng (J: ''Ranryôô'', hence the name of the piece), a high-ranking general of the [[Northern Qi Dynasty]] who, it is said, had such a beautiful face that he needed to cover it with a frightening mask in order to be successfully fearsome and intimidating on the battlefield. The dance itself is said to be based on, or inspired by, one he performed after defeating a great [[Northern Zhou]] army. The mask for this dance is rather complex and is perhaps the most complicated of all ''bugaku'' masks to reproduce. It features a gilded face with blue forehead and small dragon-like figures with multicolored wings on the top and sides; white tufts of hair extend from the eyebrows, mustache, and beard of the mask, the lower jaw of which hangs freely on strings below the main portion of the mask. Roughly five styles of ''Ryôô'' masks are standard: an  imperial court style, a [[Fujiwara clan|Fujiwara]] style, a [[Taira clan|Heike]] style, and a [[Minamoto clan|Genji]] style transmitted as tradition since the classical era, and a [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] style developed in the early modern period.<ref name=mitsukoshi/>