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Tadahisa was the son of [[Koremune Hirokoto]], head of the [[Imperial Guard]] (''Konoe''); his mother, [[Tango no tsubone]], was the younger sister of [[Hiki Yoshikazu]]<ref name=burabura>"[http://www.kamakura-burabura.com/jinbutus.htm#simazutadahisa Shimazu Tadahisa]." Kamakura-burabura.com. Accessed 20 November 2009.</ref>. According to some accounts, he was an illegitimate son of [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], and adopted into the [[Koremune clan]]; this theory or myth is no longer widely held as fact by scholars, however.<ref>"Shimazu". ''Sengoku Biographical Dictionary'' ([http://www.samurai-archives.com/dictionary/s2.html Samurai-Archives.com]) FWSeal & CEWest, 2005</ref><ref name=Kerr56>Kerr, George. ''Okinawa: The History of an Island People''. Revised Edition. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2000. pp56-58.</ref>.

Tadahisa was the son of [[Koremune Hirokoto]], head of the [[Imperial Guard]] (''Konoe''); his mother, [[Tango no tsubone]], was the younger sister of [[Hiki Yoshikazu]]<ref name=burabura>"[http://www.kamakura-burabura.com/jinbutus.htm#simazutadahisa Shimazu Tadahisa]." Kamakura-burabura.com. Accessed 20 November 2009.</ref>. According to some accounts, he was an illegitimate son of [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], and adopted into the [[Koremune clan]]; this theory or myth is no longer widely held as fact by scholars, however.<ref>"Shimazu". ''Sengoku Biographical Dictionary'' ([http://www.samurai-archives.com/dictionary/s2.html Samurai-Archives.com]) FWSeal & CEWest, 2005</ref><ref name=Kerr56>Kerr, George. ''Okinawa: The History of an Island People''. Revised Edition. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2000. pp56-58.</ref>.

He was named ''[[shugo]]'' (military governor) of Satsuma and ''[[jito|jitô]]'' of the [[Shimazu-sho|Shimazu]] ''[[shoen|shôen]]'' by [[Shogun]] [[Minamoto Yoritomo]] in [[1187]], and took the name "Shimazu" from the estate, thus founding the Shimazu clan. He was also named "Lord of the Twelve Southern Islands", an oblique reference to the Ryukyus, in [[1206]]<ref>Turnbull, Stephen. ''The Samurai Capture a King: Okinawa 1609''. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. p7.</ref>. The Shimazu would never actually exercise any direct administration or governance in, nor receive any taxes or tribute from, the Ryukyus until after [[1609]], but this centuries-old claim to the territory nevertheless was employed by the Shimazu in their justifications for the [[invasion of Ryukyu]] in that year.

A ''[[gokenin]]'' (retainer, or "houseman") of the [[Minamoto clan]],<ref name=honjin>''Honjin ni tomatta daimyô tachi'', Toyohashi, Aichi: Futagawa-juku honjin shiryôkan (1996), 24.</ref> he was named ''[[shugo]]'' (military governor) of Satsuma and ''[[jito|jitô]]'' of the [[Shimazu-sho|Shimazu]] ''[[shoen|shôen]]'' by [[Shogun]] Minamoto Yoritomo in [[1187]], and took the name "Shimazu" from the estate, thus founding the Shimazu clan. He was also named "Lord of the Twelve Southern Islands", an oblique reference to the Ryukyus, in [[1206]]<ref>Turnbull, Stephen. ''The Samurai Capture a King: Okinawa 1609''. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. p7.</ref>. The Shimazu would never actually exercise any direct administration or governance in, nor receive any taxes or tribute from, the Ryukyus until after [[1609]], but this centuries-old claim to the territory nevertheless was employed by the Shimazu in their justifications for the [[invasion of Ryukyu]] in that year.

Tadahisa remained based in [[Kamakura]] for some time, while he sent his retainers to Satsuma to administer the territory in his stead. During this time, he contributed to military efforts against the [[Oshu Fujiwara|Ôshû Fujiwara]], and accompanied Yoritomo in his relocation to Kamakura.<ref>"[http://www.shuseikan.jp/toushu/index.html Shimazu Tadahisa]," ''Satsuma Shimazu-ke no rekishi'', Shôkoshûseikan official website.</ref>

Tadahisa remained based in [[Kamakura]] for some time, while he sent his retainers to Satsuma to administer the territory in his stead. During this time, he contributed to military efforts against the [[Oshu Fujiwara|Ôshû Fujiwara]], and accompanied Yoritomo in his relocation to Kamakura.<ref>"[http://www.shuseikan.jp/toushu/index.html Shimazu Tadahisa]," ''Satsuma Shimazu-ke no rekishi'', Shôkoshûseikan official website.</ref>

Tadahisa first took up residence in Satsuma in [[1196]], building a castle there and subsuming [[Osumi province|Ôsumi province]] and parts of [[Hyuga province|Hyûga province]] into his domain<ref name=Kerr56/>; the [[Edo period]] [[han]] of [[Satsuma han|Satsuma]] would prove to cover roughly the same territory.

Tadahisa first took up residence in Satsuma in [[1196]], building a castle there and subsuming [[Osumi province|Ôsumi province]] and parts of [[Hyuga province|Hyûga province]] into his domain<ref name=Kerr56/>; the shogunate formally recognized his claims to those territories by naming him ''shugo'' over all three provinces.<ref name=honjin/> The [[Edo period]] [[han]] of [[Satsuma han|Satsuma]] would prove to cover roughly the same territory.

Due to his relationship to the [[Hiki clan]], Tadahisa was implicated in a [[1203]] uprising by that clan, and lost his positions as ''shugo'' and ''jitô'' as a result. He regained his titles and authority in [[1205]], but only over territory in Satsuma province; the Shimazu would only regain control of Ôsumi and Hyûga much later.

Due to his relationship to the [[Hiki clan]], Tadahisa was implicated in a [[1203]] uprising by that clan, and lost his positions as ''shugo'' and ''jitô'' as a result. He regained his titles and authority in [[1205]], but only over territory in Satsuma province; the Shimazu would only regain control of Ôsumi and Hyûga much later.

He died in [[1227]], passing on the position of ''shugo'' to his son, [[Shimazu Tadatoki]]. Tadahisa's other son, [[Shimazu Tadatsuna]], went on to become founder of the [[Echizen province|Echizen]] Shimazu. Tadahisa's grave ''[[yagura]]'' can be found in [[Kamakura]], a few hundred yards from the grave of Minamoto no Yoritomo, and alongside those of [[Oe no Hiromoto|Ôe no Hiromoto]] and the founder of the [[Mori clan|Môri clan]], [[Mori Suemitsu|Môri Suemitsu]]<ref>[http://www.kamakura-burabura.com/meisyokamakuraooehiromotonohaka.htm 大江広元の墓、島津・毛利氏祖の墓]. ("Grave of Ôe no Hiromoto, Graves of the founders of the Môri and Shimazu clans"). Kamakura-burabura.com. Accessed 20 November 2009.</ref>.

He died in [[1227]], passing on the position of ''shugo'' to his son, [[Shimazu Tadatoki]]. Tadahisa's other son, [[Shimazu Tadatsuna]], went on to become founder of the [[Echizen province|Echizen]] Shimazu. Tadahisa's grave ''[[yagura]]'' can be found in Kamakura, a few hundred yards from the grave of Minamoto no Yoritomo, and alongside those of [[Oe no Hiromoto|Ôe no Hiromoto]] and the founder of the [[Mori clan|Môri clan]], [[Mori Suemitsu|Môri Suemitsu]]<ref>[http://www.kamakura-burabura.com/meisyokamakuraooehiromotonohaka.htm 大江広元の墓、島津・毛利氏祖の墓]. ("Grave of Ôe no Hiromoto, Graves of the founders of the Môri and Shimazu clans"). Kamakura-burabura.com. Accessed 20 November 2009.</ref>.

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