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*''Japanese'': 新井白石 ''(Arai Hakuseki)''
*''Japanese'': 新井白石 ''(Arai Hakuseki)''
−Arai Hakuseki was a [[Confucianism|Confucian scholar]] and influential shogunal advisor of the [[Genroku period]] (late 17th to early 18th centuries).
+Arai Hakuseki was a [[Confucianism|Confucian scholar]] and influential shogunal advisor of the [[Genroku period]] (late 17th to early 18th centuries). He was chief advisor under [[Tokugawa Ienobu]], but retired when Ienobu was succeeded as shogun by [[Tokugawa Yoshimune]].
−He was particularly influential in effecting a shift in [[Tokugawa shogunate|shogunate]] attitudes and policies regarding foreign relations, articulating the conceptual meaning and discursive value for the shogunate's legitimacy of conceptualizing foreign relations with [[Joseon Dynasty]] Korea and the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] in terms of a [[tribute|tributary]] relationship patterned after the [[Sinocentric world order|Sinocentric worldview]].
+==Life & Career==
+He was the grandson of [[Arai Kageyu]] (d. [[1609]]); his father was ''[[metsuke]]'' [[Arai Masanari]] ([[1601]]-[[1682]]), and his mother, a daughter of the [[Fujiwara clan]] by the surname Sakai ([[1617]]-[[1678]]).
+He was granted court rank in [[1709]].
+==Policies==
+Hakuseki was particularly influential in effecting a shift in [[Tokugawa shogunate|shogunate]] attitudes and policies regarding foreign relations, articulating the conceptual meaning and discursive value for the shogunate's legitimacy of conceptualizing foreign relations with [[Joseon Dynasty]] Korea and the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] in terms of a [[tribute|tributary]] relationship patterned after the [[Sinocentric world order|Sinocentric worldview]].
Among other reforms he advised implementing were the reversal of a [[1695]] debasement of the [[currency]], ...
Among other reforms he advised implementing were the reversal of a [[1695]] debasement of the [[currency]], ...
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*''[[Nantoshi|Nantôshi]]'' 南島志 (1719)
*''[[Nantoshi|Nantôshi]]'' 南島志 (1719)
*''Ezo shi'' 蝦夷史 ("History of [[Ezo]]", 1720)
*''Ezo shi'' 蝦夷史 ("History of [[Ezo]]", 1720)
+
==References==
==References==
+*Arai Hakuseki, Joyce Ackroyd (trans.), ''Told Round a Brushwood Fire'', University of Tokyo Press (1979), 279-308.
[[Category:Edo Period]]
[[Category:Edo Period]]
[[Category:Scholars and Philosophers]]
[[Category:Scholars and Philosophers]]