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* Japanese:火消し(Hikeshi)

* Japanese:火消し(Hikeshi)

*Hosho Bikeshi (奉書火消し) was established by [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Iemitsu|Iemitsu]] in [[1629]].

==Hôsho Bikeshi==

==Daimyo Bikeshi==

*Hôsho Bikeshi (奉書火消し) was established by [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Iemitsu|Iemitsu]] in [[1629]].

* [[1643]], Iemitsu appointed 16 Daimyo to form fire fighter units "Daimyo Bikeshi"(大名火消し). However the Hikeshi only worked for protecting [[Edo castle]], Daimyo mansions and Samurai houses.

==Jo Bikeshi==

==Daimyô Bikeshi==

* [[Tokugawa Ietsuna|Ietsuna]] ordered 4 [[Hatamoto]] to form fire fighter units "Jo Bikeshi" (定火消し) after [[Great Meireki Fire]] in [[1657]]. They set fire stations in Iidabashi, Ichigaya, Ochanomizu, and Koujimachi.

* [[1643]], Iemitsu appointed 16 [[Daimyo|Daimyô]] to form firefighter units "Daimyô Bikeshi"(大名火消し). However the Hikeshi only worked for protecting [[Edo castle]], Daimyô mansions and Samurai houses.

 

* Shogun [[Tokugawa Ietsuna|Ietsuna]] ordered 4 [[Hatamoto]] to form firefighter units "Jô Bikeshi" (定火消し) after [[Great Meireki Fire]] in [[1657]]. They set fire stations in Iidabashi, Ichigaya, Ochanomizu, and Kôjimachi. Two initial ''jô-bikeshi'' fire brigades later expanded to ten, overseen by the ''[[wwakadoshiyori]]'', and based at firehouses arranged in an arc across the north and west of the city (the direction from which winds blew which were the most dangerous for spreading a fire to the castle).<ref>Katô Takashi, "Governing Edo," in James McClain (ed.), ''Edo & Paris'', Cornell University Press (1994), 63.</ref>

==Machi Bikeshi==

==Machi Bikeshi==

* [[Tokugawa Yoshimune|Yoshimune]] ordered [[Ooka Tadasuke]] to install [[Chonin|Chônin's]] Hikeshi "Machi Bikeshi"(町火消し) in [[1718]]. ''I-ro-ha 48 units'' and ''Honjo-Fukagawa 16 units'' were formed.

* Shogun [[Tokugawa Yoshimune|Yoshimune]] ordered [[Ooka Tadasuke]] to install [[Chonin|Chônin's]] Hikeshi "Machi Bikeshi"(町火消し) in [[1718]]. ''I-ro-ha 48 units'' and ''Honjo-Fukagawa 16 units'' were formed in [[1720]].

==References==

==References==

* ''Oedo Happyaku Yacho'' (大江戸八百八町) Tokyo Edo Museum.

* ''Oedo Happyaku Yacho'' (大江戸八百八町) Tokyo Edo Museum.

* [http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/libr/times/times01.htm Tokyo Fire Department]

* [http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/libr/times/times01.htm Tokyo Fire Department]

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[[Category:Groups]]

[[Category:Groups]]

[[Category:Edo Period]]

[[Category:Edo Period]]