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| * Japanese:火消し(Hikeshi) | | * Japanese:火消し(Hikeshi) |
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− | ==Hosho Bikeshi==
| + | Firefighters in Edo period. |
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− | *Hosho Bikeshi (奉書火消し) was established by [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Iemitsu|Iemitsu]] in [[1629]].
| + | ==Hôsho Bikeshi== |
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− | ==Daimyo Bikeshi==
| + | *Hôsho Bikeshi (奉書火消し) was established by [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Iemitsu|Iemitsu]] in [[1629]]. |
− | * [[1643]], Iemitsu appointed 16 Daimyo to form fire fighter units "Daimyo Bikeshi"(大名火消し). However the Hikeshi only worked for protecting [[Edo castle]], Daimyo mansions and Samurai houses.
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− | ==Jo Bikeshi== | + | ==Daimyô Bikeshi== |
− | * [[Tokugawa Ietsuna|Ietsuna]] ordered 4 [[Hatamoto]] to form fire fighter units "Jo Bikeshi" (定火消し) after [[Great Meireki Fire]] in [[1657]]. They set fire stations in Iidabashi, Ichigaya, Ochanomizu, and Koujimachi. | + | * [[1643]], Iemitsu appointed 16 [[Daimyo|Daimyô]] to form firefighter units "Daimyô Bikeshi"(大名火消し). However the Hikeshi only worked for protecting [[Edo castle]], Daimyô mansions and Samurai houses. |
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| + | ==Jô Bikeshi== |
| + | * Shogun [[Tokugawa Ietsuna|Ietsuna]] ordered 4 [[Hatamoto]] to form firefighter units "Jô Bikeshi" (定火消し) after [[Great Meireki Fire]] in [[1657]]. They set fire stations in Iidabashi, Ichigaya, Ochanomizu, and Kôjimachi. Two initial ''jô-bikeshi'' fire brigades later expanded to ten, overseen by the ''[[wwakadoshiyori]]'', and based at firehouses arranged in an arc across the north and west of the city (the direction from which winds blew which were the most dangerous for spreading a fire to the castle).<ref>Katô Takashi, "Governing Edo," in James McClain (ed.), ''Edo & Paris'', Cornell University Press (1994), 63.</ref> |
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| ==Machi Bikeshi== | | ==Machi Bikeshi== |
| + | * Shogun [[Tokugawa Yoshimune|Yoshimune]] ordered [[Ooka Tadasuke]] to install [[Chonin|Chônin's]] Hikeshi "Machi Bikeshi"(町火消し) in [[1718]]. ''I-ro-ha 48 units'' and ''Honjo-Fukagawa 16 units'' were formed in [[1720]]. |
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| + | ==References== |
| + | * ''Oedo Happyaku Yacho'' (大江戸八百八町) Tokyo Edo Museum. |
| + | * [http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/libr/times/times01.htm Tokyo Fire Department] |
| + | <references/> |
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| {{stub}} | | {{stub}} |
| [[Category:Groups]] | | [[Category:Groups]] |
| [[Category:Edo Period]] | | [[Category:Edo Period]] |