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==Timeline of 1648==
==Timeline of 1648==
*1648/2 The shogunate issues a series of laws regulating [[chonin|commoners']] behaviors.
*1648/2/15 The [[Keian era]] begins.
==Other Events of 1648==
==Other Events of 1648==
*[[Ako castle|Akô castle]] in [[Harima province]] is completed.
*[[Ako castle|Akô castle]] in [[Harima province]] is completed.
*The [[Peace of Westphalia]] ends the Thirty Years' War, and marks the emergence of the modern/Western concept of the nation-state. Spain recognizes the independence of the [[Netherlands|United Provinces of the Netherlands]].
*The shogunate issues various edicts regulating the lives of commoners in [[Edo]].
*The shogunate bans [[kabuki]] actors and dancers from engaging in homosexual activity.
*The shogunate bans [[kabuki]] actors and dancers from engaging in homosexual activity.
*The shogunate bans screens from kabuki theatres, which had been installed to help high-ranking samurai and others visit discreetly.
*The shogunate bans screens from kabuki theatres, which had been installed to help high-ranking samurai and others visit discreetly.
*The shogunate bans ''[[yuna]]'' (bathhouse girls) and male prostitutes.
*The shogunate bans ''[[yuna]]'' (bathhouse girls) and male prostitutes.
*The shogunate expands/refines ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' procedures to include obligations on the part of each daimyô's heir to pay formal visits to [[Edo castle]] as well.
===Births and Deaths===
*[[Nakae Toju|Nakae Tôjû]] dies (b. [[1608]]).
*[[Nishikawa Joken]] is born (d. [[1724]]).
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