Changes

Following the fall of [[Kaifeng]] (the capital of the [[Northern Song Dynasty]]) to the Jurchens, hundreds of thousands of people, including 20,000 high officials, tens of thousands of lower-ranking members of official staffs, and over 400,000 members of the military and their families, fled south and resettled in the new Imperial capital of Lin'an. Roughly two-thirds of the people, and the wealth, in China were located in the south already by this time;<ref name=schiro208/> as a result, even after losing huge swaths of territory to the north, the Southern Song was still able to remain fairly strong economically.

Following the fall of [[Kaifeng]] (the capital of the [[Northern Song Dynasty]]) to the Jurchens, hundreds of thousands of people, including 20,000 high officials, tens of thousands of lower-ranking members of official staffs, and over 400,000 members of the military and their families, fled south and resettled in the new Imperial capital of Lin'an. Roughly two-thirds of the people, and the wealth, in China were located in the south already by this time;<ref name=schiro208/> as a result, even after losing huge swaths of territory to the north, the Southern Song was still able to remain fairly strong economically.

By the 13th century, the Song dynasty's governmental fiscal administration was operated chiefly with paper money, which was used extensively in private exchanges as well, alongside metal cash. Much Chinese coin made its way to Japan, where, by 1300, imported Chinese coins were the chief mode of currency.<ref>Bonnie Smith, et al. ''Crossroads and Cultures'', vol. B, Bedford St. Martins (2012), 387-388.</ref>

The dynasty's production of [[Chinese currency|copper coins]] dropped off dramatically, to only 2-3% of what annual production had been under the Northern Song.<ref>Richard von Glahn, "The Ningbo-Hakata Merchant Network and the Reorientation of East Asian Maritime Trade, 1150-1350," ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' 74:2 (2014), 251-252.</ref> By the 13th century, the Song dynasty's governmental fiscal administration was operated chiefly with paper money, which was used extensively in private exchanges as well, alongside metal cash. Much Chinese coin made its way to Japan, where, by 1300, imported Chinese coins were the chief mode of currency.<ref>Bonnie Smith, et al. ''Crossroads and Cultures'', vol. B, Bedford St. Martins (2012), 387-388.</ref>

==Culture==

==Culture==