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The dynasty's production of [[Chinese currency|copper coins]] dropped off dramatically, to only 2-3% of what annual production had been under the Northern Song.<ref>Richard von Glahn, "The Ningbo-Hakata Merchant Network and the Reorientation of East Asian Maritime Trade, 1150-1350," ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' 74:2 (2014), 251-252.</ref> By the 13th century, the Song dynasty's governmental fiscal administration was operated chiefly with paper money, which was used extensively in private exchanges as well, alongside metal cash. Much Chinese coin made its way to Japan, where, by 1300, imported Chinese coins were the chief mode of currency.<ref>Bonnie Smith, et al. ''Crossroads and Cultures'', vol. B, Bedford St. Martins (2012), 387-388.</ref>
The dynasty's production of [[Chinese currency|copper coins]] dropped off dramatically, to only 2-3% of what annual production had been under the Northern Song.<ref>Richard von Glahn, "The Ningbo-Hakata Merchant Network and the Reorientation of East Asian Maritime Trade, 1150-1350," ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' 74:2 (2014), 251-252.</ref> By the 13th century, the Song dynasty's governmental fiscal administration was operated chiefly with paper money, which was used extensively in private exchanges as well, alongside metal cash. Much Chinese coin made its way to Japan, where, by 1300, imported Chinese coins were the chief mode of currency.<ref>Bonnie Smith, et al. ''Crossroads and Cultures'', vol. B, Bedford St. Martins (2012), 387-388.</ref>
While ports in [[Fujian province|Fujian]] and [[Guangdong province]]s remained quite active, [[Ningbo]] came to eclipse [[Quanzhou]] as the chief port of the empire, rising in large part due to its proximity to both the imperial capital of Lin'an and the Japanese port of [[Hakata]].<ref>Richard von Glahn, "The Ningbo-Hakata Merchant-Monk Network And The Reorientation Of East Asian Maritime Trade 1150-1300," talk given at UC Santa Barbara Confucius Institute, 17 May 2018.</ref>
==Culture==
==Culture==
