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In Japanese, the invasions of Korea are generally known respectively as ''Bunroku no eki'' 文禄の役 and ''Keichô no eki'' 慶長の役 after the ''[[nengo|nengô]]'', or imperial reign eras, in which they occurred. They are sometimes also referred to as the Pottery Wars (焼物戦争, ''yakimono sensô'') or Teabowl Wars (茶碗戦争, ''chawan sensô'') when emphasizing the role they played in bringing Korean ceramic technologies and styles to Japan.<ref name=shoko>Gallery labels, [[Shokoshuseikan|Shôkoshûseikan]], Kagoshima.</ref>

In Japanese, the invasions of Korea are generally known respectively as ''Bunroku no eki'' 文禄の役 and ''Keichô no eki'' 慶長の役 after the ''[[nengo|nengô]]'', or imperial reign eras, in which they occurred. They are sometimes also referred to as the Pottery Wars (焼物戦争, ''yakimono sensô'') or Teabowl Wars (茶碗戦争, ''chawan sensô'') when emphasizing the role they played in bringing Korean ceramic technologies and styles to Japan.<ref name=shoko>Gallery labels, [[Shokoshuseikan|Shôkoshûseikan]], Kagoshima.</ref>

The invasions are named similarly in Korean, where they are known collectively as ''Imjin Waeran'', or individually as the Imjin and Jeongyu Waeran, Imjin 壬辰 and Jeongyu 丁酉 being the [[Japanese_calendar#Cyclic_Dates|cyclical year designations]], respectively, corresponding roughly with 1592 and 1597.

The invasions are named in a similar fashion in Korean, where they are known collectively as ''Imjin Waeran'', or individually as the Imjin and Jeongyu Waeran, Imjin 壬辰 and Jeongyu 丁酉 being the [[Japanese_calendar#Cyclic_Dates|cyclical year designations]], respectively, corresponding roughly with 1592 and 1597.

A number of terms are used in English, including "Imjin War," an adaptation of the Korean term. Perhaps the most common, however, is not any standardized and concise name for the conflict, but rather lengthier descriptive phrases, chiefly variations on "Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea" or "the Japanese invasions of Korea of the 16th century."

A number of terms are used in English, including "Imjin War," an adaptation of the Korean term. Perhaps the most common, however, is not any standardized and concise name for the conflict, but rather lengthier descriptive phrases, chiefly variations on "Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea" or "the Japanese invasions of Korea of the 16th century."

==First Invasion (Bunroku no eki)==

==First Invasion (Bunroku no eki)==

According to some sources, the army Hideyoshi sent to invade Korea in 1592 numbered around 160,000. During both invasions, forces massed in and around [[Hakata]] and other areas of [[Chikuzen province]], from which they then departed for Korea, impressing local fishermen and the like into service, and commandeering their boats, to help convey the samurai forces across the water.<ref>Arne Kalland, ''Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan'', University of Hawaii Press (1995), 16.</ref> The [[Shimazu clan]] was the last to finish mustering its forces for the invasion, and is still remembered today for their lateness, as the "latest army in Japan."<ref name=shimazu>"[http://www.shuseikan.jp/word/sengoku09.html Chôsen shuppei]," ''Satsuma Shimazu-ke no rekishi'', [[Shokoshuseikan|Shôkoshûseikan]] official website.</ref>

According to some sources, the army Hideyoshi sent to invade Korea in 1592 numbered around 160,000. During both invasions, forces massed in and around [[Hakata]] and other areas of [[Chikuzen province]], from which they then departed for Korea, impressing local fishermen and the like into service, and commandeering their boats, to help convey the samurai forces across the water.<ref>Arne Kalland, ''Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan'', University of Hawaii Press (1995), 16.</ref> The [[Shimazu clan]] was the last to finish mustering its forces for the invasion, and is still remembered today for their lateness, as the "latest army in Japan."<ref name=shimazu>"[http://www.shuseikan.jp/word/sengoku09.html Chôsen shuppei]," ''Satsuma Shimazu-ke no rekishi'', [[Shokoshuseikan|Shôkoshûseikan]] official website.</ref> Another sizable force was mustered to defend Kyoto in Hideyoshi's absence, leading towards one historian's conclusion that "the mobilization for Hideyoshi's Korean venture encompassed the entire country of Japan, whether or not the troops were directly involved in operations on the continent."<ref>Jurgis Elisonas, "Inseparable Trinity," ''Cambridge History of Japan'', vol. 4, 1991, 272.</ref>

The samurai enjoyed early successes, gaining considerable territory and visiting considerable destruction upon the landscape.<ref>[[Albert M. Craig]], ''The Heritage of Japanese Civilization'', Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 64.</ref> However, in the end, the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming Court]] sent forces led by [[Li Rusong]]<!--李如松--> to aid the Koreans, and the Japanese invasion was ultimately pushed out of the peninsula entirely.

[[So Yoshitoshi|Sô Yoshitoshi]] and [[Konishi Yukinaga]] led the first landing parties, a massive force of some 700 ships, who quickly took Pusan.<ref>Morgan Pitelka, ''Spectacular Accumulation'', University of Hawaii Press (2016), 76.; Note that less than 20 years later, it took only 100 ships-full of [[Shimazu clan]] warriors to take the entire [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]].</ref> The samurai enjoyed early successes, gaining considerable territory and visiting considerable destruction upon the landscape.<ref>[[Albert M. Craig]], ''The Heritage of Japanese Civilization'', Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 64.</ref>

Meanwhile, [[Yi Sun-shin]] led the Korean navy, including the famous "[[turtle ships]]", to victory in three particularly decisive naval battles, including especially the [[Battle of Hansando]], regaining control of the sea lanes from the Japanese.

However, by the next year, Korean admiral [[Yi Sun-sin]] led the Korean navy to begin cutting off Japanese supply lines, blocking Japanese access to the west side of the peninsula (thus preventing them from attacking from both east and west), and protecting the land routes into Korea from China from Japanese interference.<ref name=pitelka76>Pitelka, 76-78.</ref> Yi's famous "[[turtle ships]]" won victories in three particularly decisive naval battles, including especially the [[Battle of Hansando]], regaining control of the sea lanes from the Japanese, and the [[Ming Dynasty]] sent considerable forces under the command of [[Li Rusong]]<!--李如松--> to aid the Koreans further.

 

 

Japanese troops remained in Korea until [[1596]], when Hideyoshi met with two Ming ambassadors at [[Osaka castle]].<ref name=pitelka76/> In the end, the Japanese invasion was ultimately pushed out of the peninsula entirely.

==Second Invasion (Keichô no eki)==

==Second Invasion (Keichô no eki)==