- Japanese: 八王子千人同心 (Hachiouji sennin doushin)
The Hachiôji One-Thousand Dôshin were a special detachment of guards based at Hachiôji and assigned to defend the border of Musashi province with Kai province.
Named "one thousand" as a result of having numbered roughly that many during the battle of Sekigahara, the group was maintained down into the Edo period. They stand apart from many similar guardsmen detachments in that the Hachiôji guards were of farmer/peasant lineage, and yet acted as samurai, too, in their role as guardsmen. Following the end of the wars of the Sengoku period, the group came to serve as shogunal guards accompanying the shogun on his journeys to Kyoto, Nikkô, and elsewhere, as well as helping to guard Edo castle at times when it was under renovation or repair. Further, the Hachiôji Guards were regularly assigned to serve terms in guarding Nikkô Tôshôgû; they did so over one thousand times over the course of the Edo period.
In the Bakumatsu period, members of the Hachiôji Guards participated in the shogunate's expeditions against Chôshû han, the settlement of Hokkaidô, the compilation of regional geographical & demographic reports, and the guarding of the city of Edo.
The house of the detachment's leader has been maintained and restored, and can be visited at the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum, in Koganei Park, in western Tokyo.
References
- Plaques on-site at the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum, Koganei Park.