Tachibana clan (samurai)

Japanese: 立花氏 (Tachibana-shi)

This article is about the Tachibana (立花) samurai clan. For the Tachibana (橘) court noble family、see Tachibana clan (kuge).

The Tachibana clan was a samurai clan prominent in the Sengoku and Edo Period. Originally based in Tachibana castle in Kyûshû, the family's holdings were moved to Yanagawa han in the far north-east of Honshû in the Edo period.

The clan, which bore no direct relation to the Tachibana clan of the Heian Period, originated with Ôtomo Sadatoshi (d. 1336), who took on the name and assigned it to the family of Ôtomo vassals who held Tachibana castle. For a time, the Tachibana served as loyal retainers under the Ôtomo clan, regularly battling the Shimazu, rivals to the Ôtomo. In the mid-16th century, a conflict between Ôtomo Akitoshi and Ôtomo Sôrin led to the former splitting from the family, and taking the name Tachibana Dôsetsu.

Dôsetsu had no sons, and nominated his daughter, Tachibana Ginchiyo, to succeed him. Shortly afterwards, she would marry Takahashi Munetora, a vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who helped defeat the Shimazu in Hideyoshi's Kyûshû Campaign. Upon inheriting the clan leadership, Takahashi took a new name, and became known as Tachibana Muneshige.

Muneshige then fought for Hideyoshi in the invasions of Korea, and was granted the han (fief) of Yanagawa (Chikugo province, 132,000 koku), the land surrounding Tachibana castle. He fought against the Tokugawa, however, during the decisive Battle of Sekigahara of 1600, and was dispossessed of his holdings when the Tokugawa Shogunate was established.

Ultimately, he proved his loyalty to the shogunate in 1611, and was granted a fief in Mutsu province, far from Kyûshû. This fief, the Tanakura han, was only worth 20,000 koku, but when the Tanaka family holding Tachibana castle and Yanagawa died out, due to a lack of heirs, the Tachibana were restored to their old territory. Their income remained around 20,000 koku, however. Holding onto this fief continuously through the rest of the Edo period, the Tachibana were granted the title of Hakushaku (Count) during the Meiji period, when the feudal system and samurai class were abolished.

Meanwhile, Muneshige's younger brother, Takahashi Munemasu (1573-1617), fell into much the same situation. His domain was reduced from 18,000 koku to 5000 as a result of his opposition to the Tokugawa at Sekigahara. He changed his name to Tachibana Naotsugu, and passed on the Miike han to his heirs. Tachibana Takachika, one of that line, was awarded the government post of wakadoshiyori, gaining power and prestige for the clan even though he was soon demoted to hatamoto. This branch of the family was granted the title of Viscount following the Meiji Restoration.

Significant members of the Tachibana family

References

This article was written by User:LordAmeth and contributed to both S-A and Wikipedia; the author gives permission for his work to be used in this way.

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