Difference between revisions of "Japanese Measurements"
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*1 '''Ata''' (咫) = 18 cm | *1 '''Ata''' (咫) = 18 cm | ||
*1 '''Shaku''' (尺) = 30.3 cm | *1 '''Shaku''' (尺) = 30.3 cm | ||
| − | *1 '''Ken''' (間) = 1.8182 m | + | *1 '''Ken''' (間) = 1.8182 m<ref>One ''ken'', sometimes translated as one "bay," was the traditional standard amount of space between a building's pillars. The length of a building is often given in ''ken''; the famous [[Sanjusangendo|Sanjûsangendô]], or "Thirty-Three Bays Hall," in Kyoto indeed has thirty-four pillars along its side, resulting in a hall thirty-three "bays" in length.</ref> |
*1 '''Jô''' (丈) = 3.03 m | *1 '''Jô''' (丈) = 3.03 m | ||
*1 '''Chô''' (町) = 109.9 m | *1 '''Chô''' (町) = 109.9 m | ||
| − | *1 '''Ri''' (里) = 3,927 m<ref name=rilength>The length or distance defined as one ''ri'' has changed dramatically over time. Though at times it was equivalent to 36 ''chô'', or roughly 3.9km, in certain earlier periods of history one ''ri'' was equivalent to six ''chô'', or roughly 0.65 km.</ref> | + | *1 '''Ri''' (里) = 3,927 m<ref name=rilength>The length or distance defined as one ''ri'' has changed dramatically over time. Though at times (including in the Edo period) it was equivalent to 36 ''chô'', or roughly 3.9km, in certain earlier periods of history one ''ri'' was equivalent to six ''chô'', or roughly 0.65 km. Meanwhile, in early modern Korea, they used the same character (里, K: ''ri'') to refer to a distance roughly 1/10th that of the Japanese ''ri'': roughly 400 meters, rather than 4 km. Miyake Riichi, ''Edo no gaikô toshi'', Kashima Shuppankai (1990), 71.</ref> |
*1 Traditional '''Ri''' (里) = 654.6 m<ref name=rilength/> | *1 Traditional '''Ri''' (里) = 654.6 m<ref name=rilength/> | ||
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*1 '''Bu''' (歩) = 1 '''Tsubo''' (坪) = 3.306m<sup>2</sup> | *1 '''Bu''' (歩) = 1 '''Tsubo''' (坪) = 3.306m<sup>2</sup> | ||
*1 '''Se''' (畝) = 99.17m<sup>2</sup> | *1 '''Se''' (畝) = 99.17m<sup>2</sup> | ||
| − | *1 '''Tan''' (反・段) = 991.7m<sup>2</sup><ref name=hideyoshi>Prior to [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] decreeing a new standard in [[1598]], one ''tan'' was equal to 360 ''bu'' instead of 300 ''bu'', and was therefore roughly equal to 1,190.4m<sup>2</sup> instead of 991.7m<sup>2</sup>. One ''chô'' was still ten ''tan'', making ''chô'' at that time equal to roughly 11.904km<sup>2</sup>.</ref> | + | *1 '''Tan''' (反・段) = 991.7m<sup>2</sup><ref name=hideyoshi>Prior to [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] decreeing a new standard in [[1598]], one ''tan'' was equal to 360 ''bu'' instead of 300 ''bu'', and was therefore roughly equal to 1,190.4m<sup>2</sup> instead of 991.7m<sup>2</sup>. One ''chô'' was still ten ''tan'', making ''chô'' at that time equal to roughly 11.904km<sup>2</sup>. In theory, a ''tan'' of land produced one ''koku'' of rice, and a ''chô'' of land produced ten ''koku'' of rice.</ref> |
*1 '''Chô''' (町) = 9.917km<sup>2</sup><ref name=hideyoshi/> | *1 '''Chô''' (町) = 9.917km<sup>2</sup><ref name=hideyoshi/> | ||
===Unit Conversions=== | ===Unit Conversions=== | ||
| − | *1 '''Bu''' (歩) = 1 '''tsubo''' (坪) = 10 '''gô''' (合) | + | *1 '''Bu''' (歩) = 1 '''tsubo''' (坪) = 10 '''gô''' (合) = a 1 ''ken'' x 1 ''ken'' square = 2 [[tatami]] mats placed together<ref>Arne Kalland, ''Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan'', University of Hawaii Press (1995), ix.</ref> |
*1 '''Se''' (畝) = 30 '''bu''' (歩) = 30 '''tsubo''' (坪) | *1 '''Se''' (畝) = 30 '''bu''' (歩) = 30 '''tsubo''' (坪) | ||
*1 '''Tan''' (反・段) = 10 '''se''' (畝)<ref name=hideyoshi/> | *1 '''Tan''' (反・段) = 10 '''se''' (畝)<ref name=hideyoshi/> | ||
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===Metric Equivalents=== | ===Metric Equivalents=== | ||
*1 '''Momme''' (匁) = 3.75g | *1 '''Momme''' (匁) = 3.75g | ||
| − | *1 '''Kin''' (斤) = 600g | + | *1 '''Kin''' (斤) = 600g<ref>The ''kin'' (C: ''jīn'') is also commonly known as a "catty" in English-language materials (e.g. "400 catties of copper").</ref> |
*1 '''Kan''' (貫) = 3.75kg | *1 '''Kan''' (貫) = 3.75kg | ||
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*1 '''Kin''' (斤) = 160 '''momme''' (匁) | *1 '''Kin''' (斤) = 160 '''momme''' (匁) | ||
*1 '''Kan''' (貫) = 1000 '''momme''' (匁) | *1 '''Kan''' (貫) = 1000 '''momme''' (匁) | ||
| + | *1 '''Tan''' (担) = 100 ''kin'' (斤)<ref>The ''tan'' is also commonly known as a "picul" in English-language materials.</ref> | ||
==Volume== | ==Volume== | ||
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*1 '''Shô''' or '''Masu''' (升) = 1.804 liters | *1 '''Shô''' or '''Masu''' (升) = 1.804 liters | ||
*1 '''To''' (斗) = 18.04 liters | *1 '''To''' (斗) = 18.04 liters | ||
| − | *1 '''Koku''' (石) = 180.4 liters | + | *1 '''[[Koku]]''' (石) = 180.4 liters |
===Unit Conversions=== | ===Unit Conversions=== | ||
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*1 '''To''' (斗) = 10 '''shô''' or '''masu''' (升) | *1 '''To''' (斗) = 10 '''shô''' or '''masu''' (升) | ||
*1 '''Hyô''' (俵) = 1 "bale" or "bag" of rice = 4 '''to''' (斗) | *1 '''Hyô''' (俵) = 1 "bale" or "bag" of rice = 4 '''to''' (斗) | ||
| − | *1 '''Koku''' (石) = 10 '''to''' (斗) | + | *1 '''Koku''' (石) = 10 '''to''' (斗) = 2.5 ''hyô'' (俵) |
==References & Notes== | ==References & Notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:33, 12 October 2017
Premodern Japanese measurements consisted of the following:
Length
Metric Equivalents
- 1 Rin (厘) = .0303 cm
- 1 Sun (寸) = 3.03 cm
- 1 Ata (咫) = 18 cm
- 1 Shaku (尺) = 30.3 cm
- 1 Ken (間) = 1.8182 m[1]
- 1 Jô (丈) = 3.03 m
- 1 Chô (町) = 109.9 m
- 1 Ri (里) = 3,927 m[2]
- 1 Traditional Ri (里) = 654.6 m[2]
Unit Conversions
- 1 Shaku (尺) = 10 sun (寸)
- 1 Jô (丈) = 10 shaku (尺)
- 1 Ken (間) = 6 shaku (尺)
- 1 Chô (町) = 60 ken (間)
- 1 Ri (里) = 36 chô (町)[2]
- 1 Traditional Ri (里) = 6 chô (町)[2]
Area
Metric Equivalents
- 1 Gô (合) = 33cm2
- 1 Bu (歩) = 1 Tsubo (坪) = 3.306m2
- 1 Se (畝) = 99.17m2
- 1 Tan (反・段) = 991.7m2[3]
- 1 Chô (町) = 9.917km2[3]
Unit Conversions
- 1 Bu (歩) = 1 tsubo (坪) = 10 gô (合) = a 1 ken x 1 ken square = 2 tatami mats placed together[4]
- 1 Se (畝) = 30 bu (歩) = 30 tsubo (坪)
- 1 Tan (反・段) = 10 se (畝)[3]
- 1 Chô (町) = 10 tan (反・段)[3]
Weight
Metric Equivalents
- 1 Momme (匁) = 3.75g
- 1 Kin (斤) = 600g[5]
- 1 Kan (貫) = 3.75kg
Unit Conversions
- 1 Kin (斤) = 160 momme (匁)
- 1 Kan (貫) = 1000 momme (匁)
- 1 Tan (担) = 100 kin (斤)[6]
Volume
Metric Equivalents
- 1 Gô (合) = 180ml
- 1 Shô or Masu (升) = 1.804 liters
- 1 To (斗) = 18.04 liters
- 1 Koku (石) = 180.4 liters
Unit Conversions
- 1 Shô or Masu (升) = 10 gô (合)
- 1 To (斗) = 10 shô or masu (升)
- 1 Hyô (俵) = 1 "bale" or "bag" of rice = 4 to (斗)
- 1 Koku (石) = 10 to (斗) = 2.5 hyô (俵)
References & Notes
- Lu, David. Japan: A Documentary History. Vol. 1. M.E. Sharpe, 2005. Appendix, pI.
- ↑ One ken, sometimes translated as one "bay," was the traditional standard amount of space between a building's pillars. The length of a building is often given in ken; the famous Sanjûsangendô, or "Thirty-Three Bays Hall," in Kyoto indeed has thirty-four pillars along its side, resulting in a hall thirty-three "bays" in length.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 The length or distance defined as one ri has changed dramatically over time. Though at times (including in the Edo period) it was equivalent to 36 chô, or roughly 3.9km, in certain earlier periods of history one ri was equivalent to six chô, or roughly 0.65 km. Meanwhile, in early modern Korea, they used the same character (里, K: ri) to refer to a distance roughly 1/10th that of the Japanese ri: roughly 400 meters, rather than 4 km. Miyake Riichi, Edo no gaikô toshi, Kashima Shuppankai (1990), 71.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Prior to Toyotomi Hideyoshi decreeing a new standard in 1598, one tan was equal to 360 bu instead of 300 bu, and was therefore roughly equal to 1,190.4m2 instead of 991.7m2. One chô was still ten tan, making chô at that time equal to roughly 11.904km2. In theory, a tan of land produced one koku of rice, and a chô of land produced ten koku of rice.
- ↑ Arne Kalland, Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan, University of Hawaii Press (1995), ix.
- ↑ The kin (C: jīn) is also commonly known as a "catty" in English-language materials (e.g. "400 catties of copper").
- ↑ The tan is also commonly known as a "picul" in English-language materials.
