Changes

Hakuseki was particularly influential in effecting a shift in [[Tokugawa shogunate|shogunate]] attitudes and policies regarding foreign relations, articulating the conceptual meaning and discursive value for the shogunate's legitimacy of conceptualizing foreign relations with [[Joseon Dynasty]] Korea and the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] in terms of a [[tribute|tributary]] relationship patterned after the [[Sinocentric world order|Sinocentric worldview]].

Hakuseki was particularly influential in effecting a shift in [[Tokugawa shogunate|shogunate]] attitudes and policies regarding foreign relations, articulating the conceptual meaning and discursive value for the shogunate's legitimacy of conceptualizing foreign relations with [[Joseon Dynasty]] Korea and the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] in terms of a [[tribute|tributary]] relationship patterned after the [[Sinocentric world order|Sinocentric worldview]].

Among other reforms he advised implementing were the reversal of a [[1695]] debasement of the [[currency]], ...

Among other reforms he advised implementing were the reversal of a [[1695]] debasement of the [[currency]], and a series of regulations on foreign trade implemented in [[1715]]. These regulations restricted the number of [[Chinese in Nagasaki|Chinese]] and [[VOC|Dutch]] ships which could call annually at [[Nagasaki]] to thirty and two respectively, and instituted a system in the style of the Chinese [[kango boeki|tally trade]], in which Chinese ships leaving Nagasaki were given half a seal which, when matched up with the other half held by the Nagasaki customs office, constituted a license to trade.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 63.</ref>

Hakuseki made a point to meet with ambassadors or representatives from foreign countries on a number of occasions, including meeting with [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Giovanni Battista Sidotti]] in [[1708]], with ambassadors from Ryûkyû in [[1710]], and with envoys from Korea in [[1711]].

Hakuseki made a point to meet with ambassadors or representatives from foreign countries on a number of occasions, including meeting with [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Giovanni Battista Sidotti]] in [[1708]], with ambassadors from Ryûkyû in [[1710]], and with envoys from Korea in [[1711]].