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...itual vessel, early Eastern Zhou, c. 8th century BCE. Santa Barbara Museum of Art]] ::For other states and dynasties called Zhou, see [[Zhou Dynasty (disambiguation)]].''

...right|thumb|200px|A work of calligraphy by Zhou Huang, from the collection of [[Ichikawa Beian]]. [[Tokyo National Museum]].]] ...' (C: ''Liuqiu-guo zhilue''), a history of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]] based on records written by previous envoys to Ryukyu.

...ze ''[[ding]]'' from the Shang Dynasty (11th c. BCE). Santa Barbara Museum of Art]] ...around 1300 BCE to 1045 BCE. Though long believed merely legendary, finds of oracle bones at Anyang in [[1900]]<ref>Gallery labels, Royal Ontario Museum

...moral rectitude and upright behavior, but also as a warning on the dangers of rising too high, and wielding too much power. ...came to attract suspicion, leading to the downfall and near extermination of his line.

...and was rewarded with a fief, becoming one of the leaders of the [[Revolt of Three Feudatories]]. ...ver, there would soon be no Ming left to defend (and which of the hundreds of claimants would he support, in such a situation?).

...r came to be practiced in Japan, and had some influence on the development of [[Noh]] theatre and other Japanese performing arts. ...x which would carry away the cold of winter, alongside the typical aspects of exorcism and purification.

*''Built: c. 141 - 86 BCE, [[Chang'an]]'' ...mental to Imperial architecture and ritual practice in China until the end of the [[Qing Dynasty]] in the 20th century.

...ations of emperors, from 221 to 206 BCE, the Qin represents the beginnings of a great many customs and standards in Chinese Imperial history. Further, it ...4th century BCE, annexing the [[State of Shu]] in 316 BCE, and the [[State of Chu]] four years later.

...ially for his [[1719]] journey to the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryûkyû Kingdom]] as an [[Chinese investiture envoys|investiture envoy]], and for his writings on t ...: Harvard University Press, 1968. pp135-164.</ref> Xu then became a member of the [[Hanlin Academy]].

...[[Ryukyu seasonal observances|seasonal observances]] such as celebrations of New Year's and [[Mid-Autumn Festival]]; enthronement and [[Chinese investit ...ance Techniques, Language Usage, and Transmission," PhD thesis, University of Sheffield (2018), 14-21.</ref>

...Traders in the Southeast Asian Age of Commerce, Ca. 1400–1750.” ''Journal of World History'' 21, no. 2 (2010): 221.</ref> ...from one another.<ref>Anthony Reid, "Early Southeast Asian categorizations of Europeans," in Stuart Schwartz (ed.), ''Implicit Understandngs: Observing,

...shan chuanxin lu]]'' by [[Xu Baoguang]]. Sakamaki-Hawley Collection, Univ. of Hawaii Library.]] ...'(C: tiān-shǐ)''<ref>lit. "Heavenly envoys," i.e. ambassadors from the Son of Heaven, i.e. the Chinese Emperor.</ref>

...cal importance - into an upper tier of National Treasures and a lower tier of Important Cultural Properties. ...ung-il Pai, AAS Roundtable, "Who Moved My Masterpiece?...Cultural Heritage of Kyoto," Association for Asian Studies annual conference, San Diego, March 2

...Sea: Pirates, Violence, and Commerce in Late Medieval Japan'', University of Michigan Press (2005).</ref> ...- were a chief ''cause'' of, rather than a response to, the proliferation of smugglers, who then became brigands or pirates.

* ''Other Names: Tenka dono (Lord of the Realm, or Hegemon)'' ...g much of Japan under his rule, and setting the stage for the eventual end of the wars and chaos which had dominated the archipelago for more than 100 ye