Changes

The Qing government attempted to blockade Taiwan in [[1656]], but were largely ineffective; the following year, they imposed a policy known as ''[[qianjie]]'', forcing Chinese to retreat inland, emptying the coastal regions of southern China in order to deny Coxinga targets to attack. Suffering a considerable defeat by the Qing at [[Nanjing]] in [[1659]], Coxinga fell back to Taiwan.<ref name=jansen85>Jansen, 85.</ref>

The Qing government attempted to blockade Taiwan in [[1656]], but were largely ineffective; the following year, they imposed a policy known as ''[[qianjie]]'', forcing Chinese to retreat inland, emptying the coastal regions of southern China in order to deny Coxinga targets to attack. Suffering a considerable defeat by the Qing at [[Nanjing]] in [[1659]], Coxinga fell back to Taiwan.<ref name=jansen85>Jansen, 85.</ref>

His father was executed in Beijing in [[1661]],<ref name=jansen/> his mother having been killed some years earlier by the Qing.<ref name=spence55/> The following year, Chenggong solidified his position on Taiwan by seizing the Dutch fortress, and driving the Dutch off the island. They successfully negotiated with him to be allowed to return safely to [[Batavia]] (rather than be killed or captured), but left behind goods and cash worth over one million ounces of [[silver]].<ref name=spence55/> Zheng Chenggong died later that year,<ref name=jansen85/> but his successors managed to hold out against Qing forces until [[1683]].

His father was executed in Beijing in [[1661]],<ref name=jansen/> his mother having been killed some years earlier by the Qing.<ref name=spence55/> The following year, Chenggong solidified his position on Taiwan by seizing the Dutch fortress, and driving the Dutch off the island. They successfully negotiated with him to be allowed to return safely to [[Batavia]] (rather than be killed or captured), but left behind goods and cash worth over one million ounces of [[silver]].<ref name=spence55/> Zheng Chenggong died later that year,<ref name=jansen85/> but his successors managed to hold out against Qing forces until [[1683]]. Following their defeat, Zheng's descendants were treated relatively well by the Qing government, with some even being ennobled and settled in Beijing. Many of their followers were absorbed into the Manchu military, being assigned to garrisons on the Russian border or elsewhere.<ref>Spence, 56.</ref>

Following their defeat, Zheng's descendants were treated relatively well by the Qing government, with some even being ennobled and settled in Beijing. Many of their followers were absorbed into the Manchu military, being assigned to garrisons on the Russian border or elsewhere.<ref>Spence, 56.</ref>

Chenggong's son [[Zheng Jing]] returned to the Chinese mainland, and fought under [[Wu Sangui]] in the [[Revolt of the Three Feudatories]].<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the Ryūkyūs (1644–c. 1800), a Comparison.” ''The Medieval History Journal'' 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 159.</ref>

==Legacy==

==Legacy==