Changes

Education in Ryukyuan languages and customs was permitted to continue through the end of the 19th century, alongside the [[education in the Meiji period|public school]] system that was being put into place nationwide.

Education in Ryukyuan languages and customs was permitted to continue through the end of the 19th century, alongside the [[education in the Meiji period|public school]] system that was being put into place nationwide.

Following the Japanese victory in the [[Sino-Japanese War]] in [[1895]], Tokyo was less concerned about offending or angering China, and so the ''kyûkan onzon'' policy began to gradually be rolled back.<ref>Tessa Morris-Suzuki, "The Frontiers of Japanese Identity," in Stein Tønnesson and Hans Antlöv (eds.), ''Asian Forms of the Nation'', Psychology Press (1996), 59.</ref> Land reform was undertaken in [[1903]], and ''yukatchu'' stipends ended in [[1909]]. Various other administrative and policy changes simultaneously began to be imposed in the early years of the 20th century.  

Following the Japanese victory in the [[Sino-Japanese War]] in [[1895]], Tokyo was less concerned about offending or angering China, and so the ''kyûkan onzon'' policy began to gradually be rolled back. Land reform was begun in [[1899]], with the [[Okinawa Prefecture Land Reorganization Project]], which replaced communal land with private ownership. Where villages previously redistributed land periodically, land was now placed into individual private hands, many of them Japanese (non-Okinawan) landlords. At the same time, tax payment in kind (e.g. in grain, sugar, or textiles) was replaced by monetary payments.<ref>Tessa Morris-Suzuki, "The Frontiers of Japanese Identity," in Stein Tønnesson and Hans Antlöv (eds.), ''Asian Forms of the Nation'', Psychology Press (1996), 59-61.</ref> ''Yukatchu'' stipends were terminated in [[1909]], and various other administrative and policy changes simultaneously began to be imposed in the early years of the 20th century.  

==References==

==References==